---
title: foregoing — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «foregoing» in the Judaism dictionary: Coming just before; what has been said or written earlier. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# foregoing

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**Who acts:** foregoing, we · **What happens:** come, say, write, be, have, prove · **To what, where:** foregoing, historic document, authorship · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«foregoing» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 1 example, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [foregoing in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/foregoing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coming just before; what has been said or written earlier.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:foregoing:m1:1
# text = Coming just before; what has been said or written earlier.
1	Coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
2	just	just	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	before	before	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
5	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	8	obj	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
11	earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | before *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: what=Topic |
| 3 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | early *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
From the foregoing it is evident that so far we have no historic document by which to prove either the authorship or the exact age of the Sefer Yetzirah. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

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*Sentence 1:* From the foregoing it is evident that so far we have no historic document by which to prove either the authorship or the exact age of the Sefer Yetzirah.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:foregoing:x1:1
# text = From the foregoing it is evident that so far we have no historic document by which to prove either the authorship or the exact age of the Sefer Yetzirah.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	foregoing	foregoing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	evident	evident	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	_
10	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	14	det	_	_
13	historic	historic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	document	document	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	prove	prove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl:relcl	_	_
19	either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc:preconj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	authorship	authorship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | foregoing |  |  | the foregoing |  | evident *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | we | no historic document |  |  |  | far *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent document=Patient |
| 3 | **prove** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | the authorship or the exact age of the Sefer Yetzirah |  |  |  | by no historic document | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent authorship=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:foregoing:x1:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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