---
title: frankincense — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «frankincense» in the Judaism dictionary: A sweet-smelling gum (resin) from certain trees in Arabia and Africa, burned to make perfumed smoke. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# frankincense

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** smelling gum, One, Christians, thou, frankincense, offering · **What happens:** smell, burn, make, perfume, give, see · **To what, where:** perfumed smoke, baby, Jesus God, worship, oil, frankincense · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«frankincense» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [frankincense in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/frankincense.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sweet-smelling gum (resin) from certain trees in Arabia and Africa, burned to make perfumed smoke.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:m1:1
# text = A sweet-smelling gum (resin) from certain trees in Arabia and Africa, burned to make perfumed smoke.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	smelling	smell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	amod	_	_
5	gum	gum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	resin	resin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Arabia	Arabia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
17	burned	burn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
20	perfumed	perfume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	amod	_	_
21	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **burn** | past | a smelling gum from certain trees in Arabia and Africa |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive | a smelling gum from certain trees in Arabia and Africa *not said here* | perfumed smoke |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset smoke=Product |
| 4 | **perfume** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One of the three gifts the wise men gave the baby Jesus, with gold and myrrh; Christians see it as a sign that Jesus is God, since it was burned in worship.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:m2:1
# text = One of the three gifts the wise men gave the baby Jesus, with gold and myrrh; Christians see it as a sign that Jesus is God, since it was burned in worship.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	gifts	gift	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	myrrh	myrrh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	as	as	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
26	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	amod	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
28	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
31	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj:pass	_	_
32	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux:pass	_	_
33	burned	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	conj	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	worship	worship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | One of the three gifts | the baby |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent baby=Recipient gold=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | present | Christians | baby |  |  |  | as a sign | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus as sign=Attribute |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | Jesus God |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **burn** | past · passive |  | baby |  | worship |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thou shalt put oil upon it, and lay frankincense thereon; it is a meal-offering. (Torah LEV.2.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And thou shalt put oil upon it, and lay frankincense thereon; it is a meal-offering.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x1:1
# text = And thou shalt put oil upon it, and lay frankincense thereon; it is a meal-offering.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
11	frankincense	frankincense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	thereon	thereon	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | shall | thou | oil |  | oil |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent oil=Theme upon it=Destination |
| 2 | **lay** | infinitive | thou *not said here* | frankincense |  |  |  | thereon *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frankincense=Result |
| 3 | **is a** | present | frankincense | a meal offering |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.2.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x1:2
# text = (Torah LEV.2.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.2.15	LEV.2.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when any one bringeth a meal-offering unto the LORD, his offering shall be of fine flour; and he shall pour oil upon it, and put frankincense thereon. (Torah LEV.2.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And when any one bringeth a meal-offering unto the LORD, his offering shall be of fine flour; and he shall pour oil upon it, and put frankincense thereon.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x2:1
# text = And when any one bringeth a meal-offering unto the LORD, his offering shall be of fine flour; and he shall pour oil upon it, and put frankincense thereon.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
3	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nsubj	_	_
5	bringeth	bring	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	offering	offer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
10	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
16	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	cop	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
24	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	pour	pour	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
26	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
27	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	conj	_	_
32	frankincense	frankincense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
33	thereon	thereon	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | present | any one |  |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **offer** | gerund | any one *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto the LORD | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | shall | his offering |  |  |  |  | of fine flour | tree rules |
| 4 | **pour** | shall | he | oil |  |  |  | upon offering | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oil=Patient |
| 5 | **put** | infinitive | he *not said here* | frankincense |  |  |  | thereon *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent frankincense=Goal |
| 6 | **offer** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom offering «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.2.1, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x2:2
# text = (Torah LEV.2.1, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.2.1	LEV.2.1	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thou shalt put pure frankincense with each row, that it may be to the bread for a memorial-part, even an offering made by fire unto the LORD. (Torah LEV.24.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And thou shalt put pure frankincense with each row, that it may be to the bread for a memorial-part, even an offering made by fire unto the LORD.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x3:1
# text = And thou shalt put pure frankincense with each row, that it may be to the bread for a memorial-part, even an offering made by fire unto the LORD.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	frankincense	frankincense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	row	row	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
13	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	cop	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	memorial	memorial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	even	even	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
25	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
27	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	acl	_	_
28	by	by	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
30	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | shall | thou | pure frankincense |  |  |  | with each row | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent frankincense=Goal |
| 2 | **is** | may | frankincense |  |  |  |  | to the bread and a offering; for a memorial part | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  | a offering *not said here* |  |  |  | by fire; unto the LORD | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.24.7, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x3:2
# text = (Torah LEV.24.7, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.24.7	LEV.24.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have not burdened thee with a meal-offering, nor wearied thee with frankincense. (Prophets ISA.43.23, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I have not burdened thee with a meal-offering, nor wearied thee with frankincense.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x4:1
# text = I have not burdened thee with a meal-offering, nor wearied thee with frankincense.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	burdened	burden	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	13	cc	_	_
13	wearied	weary	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
14	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	obj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	frankincense	frankincense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **burden** | present · perfect | I | thee |  |  |  | with a meal offering | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent thou=Recipient with offering=Theme |
| 2 | **weary** | participle | I *not said here* | thee |  |  |  | with frankincense | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus thou=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.43.23, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x4:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.43.23, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.43.23	ISA.43.23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spikenard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon, with all trees of frankincense; myrrh and aloes, with all the chief spices. (Writings SNG.4.14, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Spikenard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon, with all trees of frankincense; myrrh and aloes, with all the chief spices.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x5:1
# text = Spikenard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon, with all trees of frankincense; myrrh and aloes, with all the chief spices.
1	Spikenard	Spikenard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	saffron	saffron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	calamus	calamus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	cinnamon	cinnamon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	frankincense	frankincense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
15	myrrh	myrrh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	aloes	aloe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	23	det:predet	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	chief	chief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	spices	spice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings SNG.4.14, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x5:2
# text = (Writings SNG.4.14, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	SNG.4.14	SNG.4.14	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To what purpose is to Me the frankincense that cometh from Sheba, and the sweet cane, from a far country? (Prophets JER.6.20, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* To what purpose is to Me the frankincense that cometh from Sheba, and the sweet cane, from a far country?

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x6:1
# text = To what purpose is to Me the frankincense that cometh from Sheba, and the sweet cane, from a far country?
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
3	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Me	me	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	frankincense	frankincense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	cometh	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Sheba	Sheba	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	cane	cane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	far	far	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to purpose; me *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | present | the frankincense |  |  | Sheba |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from sheba=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.6.20, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x6:2
# text = (Prophets JER.6.20, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.6.20	JER.6.20	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wise men brought gold, frankincense and myrrh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x7:1
# text = The wise men brought gold, frankincense and myrrh.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	frankincense	frankincense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	myrrh	myrrh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | the wise men | gold and frankincense and myrrh |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent gold=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frankincense smells sweet when it burns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x8:1
# text = Frankincense smells sweet when it burns.
1	Frankincense	frankincense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	smells	smell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	burns	burn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | present | Frankincense |  |  |  |  | sweet *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **burn** | present | Frankincense |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the nativity play I carried the frankincense.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x9:1
# text = In the nativity play I carried the frankincense.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	nativity	nativity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	frankincense	frankincense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | I | the frankincense |  | the nativity play |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent frankincense=Value in play=Location |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frankincense comes from the sap of a tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x10:1
# text = Frankincense comes from the sap of a tree.
1	Frankincense	frankincense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sap	SAP	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Frankincense |  |  | the sap of a tree |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from sap=Initial\_Location |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The church filled with the smell of frankincense.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x11:1
# text = The church filled with the smell of frankincense.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	frankincense	frankincense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | participle |  | the church *not said here* |  |  |  | with the smell of frankincense | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with smell=Instrument |
| 2 | **smell** |  | frankincense |  |  |  |  |  | nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People have traded frankincense for thousands of years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x12:1
# text = People have traded frankincense for thousands of years.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	traded	trade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	frankincense	frankincense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trade** | present · perfect | People | frankincense |  |  |  | for thousands of years | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent frankincense=Theme for thousand=Co-Theme |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So she put a bit of frankincense before him and asked him to tell what it was.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:frankincense:x13:1
# text = So she put a bit of frankincense before him and asked him to tell what it was.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	frankincense	frankincense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	iobj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
15	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	14	ccomp	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | she | a bit of frankincense |  |  | before him *= he* |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bit=Theme before he=Destination |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | she *not said here* |  | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | she *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | past | bit |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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