---
title: fringe — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fringe» in the Judaism dictionary: A fringe is hair cut short and straight across the forehead; Americans call it bangs. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# fringe

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** fringe, Americans, you, children, Mum, scarf · **What happens:** be, cut, call, bang, speak, bid · **To what, where:** hair, border, outer edge, children, them, corners · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«fringe» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fringe in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/fringe.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fringe is hair cut short and straight across the forehead; Americans call it bangs.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fringe:m1:1
# text = A fringe is hair cut short and straight across the forehead; Americans call it bangs.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fringe	fringe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	across	across	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	forehead	forehead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	Americans	American	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	bangs	bang	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a fringe | hair |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut** | participle |  | hair *not said here* |  |  |  | short *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **call** *speech: assert* | present | Americans |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **bang** | present | fringe |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fringe is a border of loose threads on the edge of cloth, like on a scarf or rug.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fringe:m2:1
# text = A fringe is a border of loose threads on the edge of cloth, like on a scarf or rug.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fringe	fringe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	loose	loose	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	threads	thread	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	scarf	scarf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	rug	rug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a fringe | a border and a scarf or rug |  |  |  | of loose threads on the edge of cloth | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fringe or fringes of a place or group is its outer edge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fringe:m3:1
# text = The fringe or fringes of a place or group is its outer edge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fringe	fringe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	fringes	fringe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	outer	outer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the fringe or fringes of a place or group | group's outer edge |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
'Speak unto the children of Israel, and bid them that they make them throughout their generations fringes in the corners of their garments, and that they put with the fringe of each corner a thread of blue. (Torah NUM.15.38, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* 'Speak unto the children of Israel, and bid them that they make them throughout their generations fringes in the corners of their garments, and that they put with the fringe of each corner a thread of blue.

<!-- fold The tree, 37 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fringe:x1:1
# text = 'Speak unto the children of Israel, and bid them that they make them throughout their generations fringes in the corners of their garments, and that they put with the fringe of each corner a thread of blue.
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Speak	speak	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	bid	bid	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	generations	generation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	compound	_	_
19	fringes	fringe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	corners	corner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	garments	garment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
29	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
31	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	fringe	fringe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	36	det	_	_
36	corner	corner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	thread	thread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	appos	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto the children of Israel | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bid** | past | you *not said here* | children *= child* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | present | children *= child* | them *= they* |  | the corners of children's garments | throughout generations fringes |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product |
| 4 | **put** | past | children *= child* |  |  |  |  | with the fringe of each corner | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.15.38, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fringe:x1:2
# text = (Torah NUM.15.38, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.15.38	NUM.15.38	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My fringe is getting into my eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fringe:x2:1
# text = My fringe is getting into my eyes.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	fringe	fringe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present · progressive | My fringe |  |  | my eyes |  |  | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into eye=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum trimmed my fringe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fringe:x3:1
# text = Mum trimmed my fringe.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	trimmed	trim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	fringe	fringe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trim** | past | Mum | my fringe |  |  |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fringe=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scarf has a fringe on each end.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fringe:x4:1
# text = The scarf has a fringe on each end.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scarf	scarf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fringe	fringe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the scarf | a fringe |  |  | on each end |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fringe=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They camped on the fringe of the forest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fringe:x5:1
# text = They camped on the fringe of the forest.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	camped	camp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fringe	fringe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **camp** | past | They |  |  | the fringe of the forest |  |  | vn odge-46-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rug had a long white fringe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fringe:x6:1
# text = The rug had a long white fringe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rug	rug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fringe	fringe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the rug | a long white fringe |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fringe=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She grew out her fringe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fringe:x7:1
# text = She grew out her fringe.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	fringe	fringe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow out** | past | She | her fringe |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location fringe=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Houses spread out on the fringes of the town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fringe:x8:1
# text = Houses spread out on the fringes of the town.
1	Houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fringes	fringe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread out** | present | Houses |  |  | the fringes of the town |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on fringe=Location |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not a tinkling of a metal fringe broke the silence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fringe:x9:1
# text = Not a tinkling of a metal fringe broke the silence.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	tinkling	tinkling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	fringe	fringe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | a tinkling of a metal fringe | the silence |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer silence=Patient |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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