---
title: fundamental — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fundamental» in the Judaism dictionary: basic and most important; the foundation that other things are built on. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# fundamental

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** three fundamental letters, א ש, They · **What happens:** build on, have, consist · **To what, where:** foundation, balance, nothing

<!-- .vabout -->
«fundamental» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fundamental in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/fundamental.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
basic and most important; the foundation that other things are built on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fundamental:m1:1
# text = basic and most important; the foundation that other things are built on.
1	basic	basic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	4	advmod	_	_
4	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	foundation	foundation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build on** | present · passive |  | the foundation |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The three fundamental letters א״מ״ש have as their basis the balance. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The three fundamental letters א״מ״ש have as their basis the balance.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fundamental:x1:1
# text = The three fundamental letters א״מ״ש have as their basis the balance.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
3	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
5	א	א	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	״	״	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	מ	מ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	״	״	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	ש	ש	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	basis	basis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	balance	balance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the three fundamental letters and ״ ש | the balance |  |  |  | as letters's basis | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent balance=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fundamental:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The three fundamental letters א"מ"ש have as their basis the balance. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The three fundamental letters א"מ"ש have as their basis the balance.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fundamental:x2:1
# text = The three fundamental letters א"מ"ש have as their basis the balance.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
3	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	compound	_	_
5	א	א	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	מ	מ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	ש	ש	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	basis	basis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	balance	balance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | א ש | the balance |  |  |  | as ש's basis | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent balance=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fundamental:x2:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They consist of a decade out of nothing \[5\] and of twenty-two fundamental letters. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* They consist of a decade out of nothing \[5\] and of twenty-two fundamental letters.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fundamental:x3:1
# text = They consist of a decade out of nothing [5] and of twenty-two fundamental letters.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	consist	consist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	decade	decade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	obl	_	_
9	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
14	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
17	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consist** | present | They |  |  | nothing | decade |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:fundamental:x3:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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