---
title: gasp — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gasp» in the Judaism dictionary: To gasp means to breathe in suddenly and loudly with your mouth open, because you are surprised, shocked or in pain. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gasp

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, gasp, last gasp, wild asses, asses, eyes · **What happens:** gasp, mean, breathe, be, struggle, run · **To what, where:** sudden short breath, end, high hills, peace, Myself, big spider · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gasp» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gasp in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/gasp.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To gasp means to breathe in suddenly and loudly with your mouth open, because you are surprised, shocked or in pain.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gasp:m1:1
# text = To gasp means to breathe in suddenly and loudly with your mouth open, because you are surprised, shocked or in pain.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	gasp	gasp	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	5	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	7	conj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
13	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	surprised	surprised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	shocked	shocked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gasp** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **breathe** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with your mouth | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent suddenly=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | surprised *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To gasp for air or for breath means to struggle to breathe, for example after running or under water.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gasp:m2:1
# text = To gasp for air or for breath means to struggle to breathe, for example after running or under water.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	gasp	gasp	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	csubj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	struggle	struggle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	under	under	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gasp** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | for air or breath | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for air=Recipient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **struggle** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **breathe** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | for example | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **run** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gasp is a sudden short breath like that.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gasp:m3:1
# text = A gasp is a sudden short breath like that.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gasp	gasp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a gasp | a sudden short breath |  |  |  | like that | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The last gasp means the very end, almost too late.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gasp:m4:1
# text = The last gasp means the very end, almost too late.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	gasp	gasp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	too	too	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the last gasp | the end |  |  |  | late *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent end=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the wild asses stand on the high hills, they gasp for air like jackals; their eyes fail, because there is no herbage. (Prophets JER.14.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the wild asses stand on the high hills, they gasp for air like jackals; their eyes fail, because there is no herbage.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gasp:x1:1
# text = And the wild asses stand on the high hills, they gasp for air like jackals; their eyes fail, because there is no herbage.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	asses	ass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	stand	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	gasp	gasp	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	jackals	jackal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	fail	fail	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	24	expl	_	_
24	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
25	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	26	det	_	_
26	herbage	herbage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | the wild asses |  |  | the high hills |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on hill=Location |
| 2 | **gasp** | present | asses *= ass* |  |  |  |  | for air; like jackals | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for air=Recipient |
| 3 | **fail** | present | asses's eyes |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **be** | present | no herbage |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.14.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gasp:x1:2
# text = (Prophets JER.14.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.14.6	JER.14.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have long time held My peace, I have been still, and refrained Myself; now will I cry like a travailing woman, gasping and panting at once. (Prophets ISA.42.14, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I have long time held My peace, I have been still, and refrained Myself; now will I cry like a travailing woman, gasping and panting at once.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gasp:x2:1
# text = I have long time held My peace, I have been still, and refrained Myself; now will I cry like a travailing woman, gasping and panting at once.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	cop	_	_
12	still	still	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	refrained	refrain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	Myself	myself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	_
19	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
22	like	like	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	travailing	travail	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	25	amod	_	_
25	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	gasping	gasp	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	panting	pant	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	conj	_	_
30	at	at	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | past | I *not said here* | My peace |  |  | time |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent peace=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  | still *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **refrain** | past | I *not said here* | Myself |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **cry** *speech: express* | future | I |  |  |  | now | like a travailing woman | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **travail** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **gasp** | gerund | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **pant** | gerund | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **pacify** |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom peace «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.42.14, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gasp:x2:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.42.14, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.42.14	ISA.42.14	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The audience gasped when the magician vanished.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gasp:x3:1
# text = The audience gasped when the magician vanished.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gasped	gasp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	magician	magician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	vanished	vanish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gasp** | past | the audience |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **vanish** | past | the magician |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I gasped when I saw the big spider.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gasp:x4:1
# text = I gasped when I saw the big spider.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gasped	gasp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	spider	spider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gasp** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **see** | past | I | the big spider |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer spider=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He came up from the water gasping for air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gasp:x5:1
# text = He came up from the water gasping for air.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	gasping	gasp	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come up** | past | He |  |  | the water |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from water=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **gasp** | gerund | the water *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for air | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for air=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the race we were all gasping.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gasp:x6:1
# text = After the race we were all gasping.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	all	all	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	gasping	gasp	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gasp** | past · progressive | we |  |  |  | after the race | all *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a gasp of surprise from the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gasp:x7:1
# text = There was a gasp of surprise from the class.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	gasp	gasp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a gasp of surprise from the class |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **gasp** |  | surprise from the class |  |  |  |  |  | nom gasp «act intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She gasped in pain when she twisted her ankle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gasp:x8:1
# text = She gasped in pain when she twisted her ankle.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gasped	gasp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	twisted	twist	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	ankle	ankle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gasp** | past | She |  |  |  |  | in pain | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in pain=Theme |
| 2 | **twist** | past | she | her ankle |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent ankle=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They scored a last-gasp goal to win.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gasp:x9:1
# text = They scored a last-gasp goal to win.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	scored	score	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	gasp	gasp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **score** | past | They | a gasp goal |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goal=Theme |
| 2 | **win** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Oh no!» she gasped.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gasp:x10:1
# text = «Oh no!» she gasped.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	_
3	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	2	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	gasped	gasp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gasp** | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“John is not here now,” she gasped.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gasp:x11:1
# text = “John is not here now,” she gasped.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	John	John	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	_
6	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	gasped	gasp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** *in a quote* | present | John |  |  |  | now | here *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **gasp** | past | John |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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