---
title: gnash — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gnash» in the Judaism dictionary: To gnash is to grind the teeth together hard, often in anger or pain. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gnash

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** mockeries, wicked, he, desire, mine adversary, witch · **What happens:** gnash, be, clench, grind, profane, mock · **To what, where:** teeth, rage, mockeries, backbiting, it, He · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gnash» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gnash in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/gnash.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To gnash is to grind the teeth together hard, often in anger or pain.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gnash:m1:1
# text = To gnash is to grind the teeth together hard, often in anger or pain.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	gnash	gnash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	grind	grind	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	together	together	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	often	often	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gnash** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | grind, hard *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: in fairy tales — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To gnash the teeth is to show rage or fear by clenching and grinding them.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gnash:m2:1
# text = To gnash the teeth is to show rage or fear by clenching and grinding them.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	gnash	gnash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	rage	rage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	clenching	clench	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	grinding	grind	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gnash** | to-infinitive |  | the teeth |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | show *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **clench** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **grind** | gerund |  | rage |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With the profanest mockeries of backbiting they gnash at me with their teeth. (Writings PSA.35.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* With the profanest mockeries of backbiting they gnash at me with their teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gnash:x1:1
# text = With the profanest mockeries of backbiting they gnash at me with their teeth.
1	With	with	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	profanest	profane	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
4	mockeries	mockery	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	backbiting	backbiting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	gnash	gnash	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **profane** | present | mockeries *= mockery* *not said here* | mockeries of backbiting |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **gnash** | present | mockeries *= mockery* |  |  |  |  | at me; with mockeries's teeth | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mock** |  |  | backbiting |  |  |  |  | nom mockery «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.35.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gnash:x1:2
# text = (Writings PSA.35.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.35.16	PSA.35.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wicked shall see it, and be vexed; he shall gnash with his teeth, and melt away; the desire of the wicked shall perish. (Writings PSA.112.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The wicked shall see it, and be vexed; he shall gnash with his teeth, and melt away; the desire of the wicked shall perish.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gnash:x2:1
# text = The wicked shall see it, and be vexed; he shall gnash with his teeth, and melt away; the desire of the wicked shall perish.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	vexed	vex	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	gnash	gnash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	melt	melt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
20	away	away	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	desire	desire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	nmod	_	_
27	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	perish	perish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | shall | the wicked | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **vex** | infinitive · passive | the wicked *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
| 3 | **gnash** | shall | he |  |  |  |  | with his teeth | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **melt away** | infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **perish** | shall | the desire of the wicked |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.112.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gnash:x2:2
# text = (Writings PSA.112.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.112.10	PSA.112.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He hath torn me in His wrath, and hated me; He hath gnashed upon me with His teeth; mine adversary sharpeneth his eyes upon me. (Writings JOB.16.9, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* He hath torn me in His wrath, and hated me; He hath gnashed upon me with His teeth; mine adversary sharpeneth his eyes upon me.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gnash:x3:1
# text = He hath torn me in His wrath, and hated me; He hath gnashed upon me with His teeth; mine adversary sharpeneth his eyes upon me.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	wrath	wrath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	hated	hate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	gnashed	gnash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
16	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	mine	my	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	compound	_	_
23	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	sharpeneth	sharpen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
27	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tear** | present · passive |  | He |  | His wrath |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Patient i=Result |
| 2 | **hate** | past |  | me |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus |
| 3 | **gnash** | present · passive |  | He |  |  |  | upon me; with His teeth | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **sharpen** | present | mine adversary | adversary's eyes |  |  |  | upon me | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent eye=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.16.9, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gnash:x3:2
# text = (Writings JOB.16.9, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.16.9	JOB.16.9	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The witch began gnashing her teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gnash:x4:1
# text = The witch began gnashing her teeth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	gnashing	gnash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the witch |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **gnash** | gerund | the witch *not said here* | witch's teeth |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wolf gnashed his teeth in fury.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gnash:x5:1
# text = The wolf gnashed his teeth in fury.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gnashed	gnash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	fury	fury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gnash** | past | the wolf | wolf's teeth |  |  |  | in fury | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient in fury=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When she saw the trap, the giant gnashed his teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gnash:x6:1
# text = When she saw the trap, the giant gnashed his teeth.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	trap	trap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	gnashed	gnash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | she | the trap |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer trap=Stimulus |
| 2 | **gnash** | past | the giant | giant's teeth |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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