---
title: grammarian — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «grammarian» in the Judaism dictionary: A person who studies grammar, the rules of how words and sentences are built in a language, or who writes books about it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# grammarian

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, grammarians, author, Hebrew grammarians, Arab grammarians, ortho graphy · **What happens:** study, build, write, care, not sider, count · **To what, where:** grammar, words, language, books, lot, letters · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«grammarian» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [grammarian in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/grammarian.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who studies grammar, the rules of how words and sentences are built in a language, or who writes books about it.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grammarian:m1:1
# text = A person who studies grammar, the rules of how words and sentences are built in a language, or who writes books about it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	studies	study	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	grammar	grammar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
9	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
10	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
11	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	sentences	sentence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	writes	write	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
23	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
24	about	about	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | a person | grammar and the rules |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grammar=Topic |
| 2 | **build** | present · passive |  | words and sentences |  | a language |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **write** | present |  | books |  |  |  | about language | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent book=Recipient about it=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone who cares a lot about correct grammar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grammarian:m2:1
# text = Someone who cares a lot about correct grammar.
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cares	care	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	grammar	grammar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **care** | present |  | a lot |  |  |  | about correct grammar | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some grammarians, though they do not con- sider the linals as separate letters, yet count the letters twenty- (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grammarian:x1:1
# text = Some grammarians, though they do not con- sider the linals as separate letters, yet count the letters twenty- (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	grammarians	grammarian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
4	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
6	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
8	con	con	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	_
10	sider	sider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	linals	linal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	separate	separate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	count	count	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
21	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	_
23	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	appos	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	_
32	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	34	case	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	fixed	_	_
34	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
35	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	flat	_	_
36	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	24	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	24	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **sider** | present · do-support | grammarians *= grammarian* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **count** | infinitive | some grammarians | the letters |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme |
| 3 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As is well-known, some old grammarians, among whom was the author of the "Dikduke ha-Teamim"" counted the final letters as separate letters, thus making the total number oi the letters of the alphabet twenty-seven. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* As is well-known, some old grammarians, among whom was the author of the "Dikduke ha-Teamim"" counted the final letters as separate letters, thus making the total number oi the letters of the alphabet twenty-seven.

<!-- fold The tree, 37 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grammarian:x2:1
# text = As is well-known, some old grammarians, among whom was the author of the "Dikduke ha-Teamim"" counted the final letters as separate letters, thus making the total number oi the letters of the alphabet twenty-seven.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
3	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	grammarians	grammarian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	among	among	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Dikduke	Dikduke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	ha	ha	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	Teamim	Teamim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	""	""	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	_
24	counted	count	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	final	final	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
28	as	as	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	separate	separate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
33	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	advcl	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
37	oi	oi	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	_
43	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	42	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	43	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	43	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present · passive | the author *not said here* | some old grammarians |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V» |
| 2 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | among the author; of the Dikduke ha | tree rules |
| 3 | **count** *in a quote* | past | the author | the final letters |  |  |  | as separate letters | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent letter=Theme as letter=Attribute |
| 4 | **make** *in a quote* | gerund | the author *not said here* | the total number |  |  |  | oi the letters of the alphabet; thus *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset number=Product |
| 5 | **letter** *in a quote* |  |  | the alphabet |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grammarian:x2:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Hebrew grammarians under Arabic influence came to believe that tliose rules of ortho- graphy which the Arab grammarians invented for the language of the Koran hold good also for the language of the Old Testament. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The Hebrew grammarians under Arabic influence came to believe that tliose rules of ortho- graphy which the Arab grammarians invented for the language of the Koran hold good also for the language of the Old Testament.

<!-- fold The tree, 36 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grammarian:x3:1
# text = The Hebrew grammarians under Arabic influence came to believe that tliose rules of ortho- graphy which the Arab grammarians invented for the language of the Koran hold good also for the language of the Old Testament.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Hebrew	hebrew	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	grammarians	grammarian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	influence	influence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	tliose	tliose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	ccomp	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	ortho	ortho	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	_
16	graphy	graphy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	28	obj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	Arab	Arab	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	grammarians	grammarian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
21	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	Koran	Koran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
28	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
29	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	xcomp	_	_
30	also	also	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
31	for	for	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	Testament	Testament	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the Hebrew grammarians under Arabic influence |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **believe** | to-infinitive | the Hebrew grammarians under Arabic influence *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **invent** | participle |  | the Arab grammarians *not said here* |  |  |  | for the language of the Koran | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for language=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **hold** | present | the Arab grammarians | ortho graphy |  |  |  | for the language of the Old Testament; good *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme |
| 5 | **rule** |  | ortho graphy |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grammarian:x3:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pāṇini was an ancient grammarian who described Sanskrit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grammarian:x4:1
# text = Pāṇini was an ancient grammarian who described Sanskrit.
1	Pāṇini	Pāṇini	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	grammarian	grammarian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	described	describe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	Sanskrit	Sanskrit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Pāṇini | a ancient grammarian |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **describe** | past | a ancient grammarian | Sanskrit |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent sanskrit=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A grammarian would say «fewer apples», not «less apples».

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grammarian:x5:1
# text = A grammarian would say «fewer apples», not «less apples».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	grammarian	grammarian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
13	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | would | a grammarian | fewer apples |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent apple=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The grammarian wrote a big book about English verbs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grammarian:x6:1
# text = The grammarian wrote a big book about English verbs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	grammarian	grammarian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	verbs	verb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | the grammarian | a big book |  |  |  | about English verbs | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent book=Recipient about verb=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My aunt is a real grammarian and corrects every text.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grammarian:x7:1
# text = My aunt is a real grammarian and corrects every text.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	grammarian	grammarian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	corrects	correct	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My aunt | a real grammarian |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **correct** *speech: disagree* | present | My aunt *not said here* | every text |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent text=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grammarians study how languages change over time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grammarian:x8:1
# text = Grammarians study how languages change over time.
1	Grammarians	grammarian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	study	study	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	change	change	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | Grammarians |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **change** | present | languages |  |  |  | time |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not every grammarian agrees about split infinitives.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grammarian:x9:1
# text = Not every grammarian agrees about split infinitives.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	grammarian	grammarian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	agrees	agree	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	split	split	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	infinitives	infinitive	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **agree** *speech: agree* | present | every grammarian | split infinitives |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent infinitive=Topic |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I replied that I had been educated as a grammarian and a poet, but that my great gift was writing.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grammarian:x10:1
# text = I replied that I had been educated as a grammarian and a poet, but that my great gift was writing.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	educated	educate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	grammarian	grammarian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	poet	poet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
17	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
18	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	writing	write	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **educate** *speech: other* | past · perfect · passive |  | I |  |  |  | as a grammarian and a poet | vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 3 | **write** | past · progressive | my great gift |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **gift** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom gift «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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