---
title: grate — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «grate» in the Judaism dictionary: To rub food such as cheese or carrot against a tool with sharp holes so it falls off in thin strips or tiny bits. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# grate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** food, metal frame, gaps, sound, he, you · **What happens:** rub, fall off, hold, cover, make, scrape · **To what, where:** food, tool, coal, fireplace, drain, harsh unpleasant scraping sound

<!-- .vabout -->
«grate» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [grate in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/grate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To rub food such as cheese or carrot against a tool with sharp holes so it falls off in thin strips or tiny bits.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grate:m1:1
# text = To rub food such as cheese or carrot against a tool with sharp holes so it falls off in thin strips or tiny bits.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	rub	rub	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	carrot	carrot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	against	against	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	off	off	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	strips	strip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	bits	bit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rub** | to-infinitive | food *not said here* | food |  | a tool with sharp holes |  | such cheese or carrot | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent food=Theme against tool=Destination |
| 2 | **fall off** | present | food |  |  |  |  | in thin strips or tiny bits | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in strip=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A metal frame that holds the coal or wood in a fireplace.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grate:m2:1
# text = A metal frame that holds the coal or wood in a fireplace.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	frame	frame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	fireplace	fireplace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | a metal frame | the coal or wood |  | a fireplace |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent coal=Theme in fireplace=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A metal frame with gaps that covers a drain or hole in the ground.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grate:m3:1
# text = A metal frame with gaps that covers a drain or hole in the ground.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	frame	frame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	gaps	gap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	covers	cover	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	drain	drain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present | gaps | a drain or hole in the ground |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme drain=Destination |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make a harsh, unpleasant scraping sound, or to annoy someone («it grates on me»).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grate:m4:1
# text = To make a harsh, unpleasant scraping sound, or to annoy someone («it grates on me»).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	unpleasant	unpleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	scraping	scrape	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	annoy	annoy	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	obj	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	grates	grate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a harsh unpleasant scraping sound |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |
| 2 | **scrape** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **annoy** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer |
| 4 | **grate** *in a quote* | present | sound |  |  |  |  | on me | vn appeal-31.4-1 «NP V PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus on i=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
the brazen altar, and its grating of brass, its staves, and all its vessels, the laver and its base; (Torah EXO.39.39, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grate:x1:1
# text = the brazen altar, and its grating of brass, its staves, and all its vessels, the laver and its base; (Torah EXO.39.39, JPS 1917)
1	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	brazen	brazen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	altar	altar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	grating	grating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	brass	brass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	staves	stave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	17	det:predet	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	laver	laver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	base	base	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
25	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	EXO.39.39	EXO.39.39	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
30	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	27	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	27	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
the altar of burnt-offering, with its grating of brass, its staves, and all its vessels, the laver and its base; (Torah EXO.35.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grate:x2:1
# text = the altar of burnt-offering, with its grating of brass, its staves, and all its vessels, the laver and its base; (Torah EXO.35.16, JPS 1917)
1	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	altar	altar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	burnt	burnt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	grating	grating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	brass	brass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	staves	stave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	20	det:predet	_	_
19	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	laver	laver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	base	base	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
28	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	EXO.35.16	EXO.35.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	_
33	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	32	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	30	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he cast four rings for the four ends of the grating of brass, to be holders for the staves. (Torah EXO.38.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he cast four rings for the four ends of the grating of brass, to be holders for the staves.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grate:x3:1
# text = And he cast four rings for the four ends of the grating of brass, to be holders for the staves.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cast	cast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	rings	ring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	ends	end	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	grating	grating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	brass	brass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	cop	_	_
18	holders	holder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	staves	stave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cast** | past | he | four rings |  |  | for the four ends of the grating of brass |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent ring=Material for end=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | holders |  |  |  | for the staves | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.38.5, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grate:x3:2
# text = (Torah EXO.38.5, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.38.5	EXO.38.5	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you grate some cheese for the pizza?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grate:x4:1
# text = Can you grate some cheese for the pizza?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grate	grate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grate** | can | you | some cheese |  |  |  | for the pizza | vn appeal-31.4-1 «NP V NP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus cheese=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum grated a carrot into the salad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grate:x5:1
# text = Mum grated a carrot into the salad.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grated	grate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	carrot	carrot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	salad	salad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grate** | past | Mum | a carrot |  | the salad |  |  | vn appeal-31.4-1 «NP V NP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus carrot=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be careful not to grate your knuckles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grate:x6:1
# text = Be careful not to grate your knuckles.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	grate	grate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	knuckles	knuckle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | careful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **grate** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | your knuckles |  |  |  |  | vn appeal-31.4-1 «NP V NP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus knuckle=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fire was burning in the grate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grate:x7:1
# text = The fire was burning in the grate.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	grate	grate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | past · progressive | the fire |  |  | the grate |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in grate=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My key fell through the drain grate in the street.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grate:x8:1
# text = My key fell through the drain grate in the street.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	key	key	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	drain	drain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	grate	grate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | My key |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **grate** | infinitive | the drain |  |  | the street |  |  | vn appeal-31.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old gate grated on its rusty hinges.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grate:x9:1
# text = The old gate grated on its rusty hinges.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	grated	grate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	rusty	rusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	hinges	hinge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grate** | participle |  | the old gate *not said here* |  |  |  | on gate's rusty hinges | vn appeal-31.4-1 «NP V PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus on hinge=Experiencer |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His loud chewing really grates on me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grate:x10:1
# text = His loud chewing really grates on me.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	chewing	chewing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	really	really	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	grates	grate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grate** | present | His loud chewing |  |  |  |  | on me | vn appeal-31.4-1 «NP V PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus on i=Experiencer |
| 2 | **chew** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom chewing «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Add two cups of grated cheese to the bowl.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grate:x11:1
# text = Add two cups of grated cheese to the bowl.
1	Add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	cups	cup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	grated	grate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bowl	bowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | two cups of grated cheese |  |  |  | to the bowl | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent cup=Patient to bowl=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **grate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appeal-31.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is no fire in the grate, and hunger has made him faint.”

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grate:x12:1
# text = There is no fire in the grate, and hunger has made him faint.”
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	grate	grate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	hunger	hunger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	faint	faint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | no fire in the grate |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | present · perfect · passive |  | hunger |  |  |  | faint *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary he=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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