---
title: gravel — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gravel» in the Judaism dictionary: Lots of small stones and bits of rock, used for paths, driveways and roads, or found in rivers. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gravel

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Bread, He, me, We, I, Gravel · **What happens:** use, find, sound, be, fill, break · **To what, where:** Lots, rivers, mouth, teeth, me, ashes

<!-- .vabout -->
«gravel» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gravel in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/gravel.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lots of small stones and bits of rock, used for paths, driveways and roads, or found in rivers.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gravel:m1:1
# text = Lots of small stones and bits of rock, used for paths, driveways and roads, or found in rivers.
1	Lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	bits	bit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	paths	path	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	driveways	driveway	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle · passive |  | Lots of small stones and bits of rock |  |  |  | for paths and driveways and roads | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for path=Eventuality |
| 2 | **find** | participle |  |  |  | rivers |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: gravelly, of a voice — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Low and rough-sounding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gravel:m2:1
# text = Low and rough-sounding.
1	Low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
3	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	sounding	sound	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bread of falsehood is sweet to a man; but afterwards his mouth shall be filled with gravel. (Writings PRO.20.17, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Bread of falsehood is sweet to a man; but afterwards his mouth shall be filled with gravel.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gravel:x1:1
# text = Bread of falsehood is sweet to a man; but afterwards his mouth shall be filled with gravel.
1	Bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
11	afterwards	afterwards	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	gravel	gravel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Bread of falsehood |  |  |  |  | to a man; sweet *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fill** | shall · passive |  | man's mouth |  |  |  | with gravel; afterwards *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with gravel=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.20.17, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gravel:x1:2
# text = (Writings PRO.20.17, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.20.17	PRO.20.17	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He hath also broken my teeth with gravel stones, He hath made me to wallow in ashes. (Writings LAM.3.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* He hath also broken my teeth with gravel stones, He hath made me to wallow in ashes.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gravel:x2:1
# text = He hath also broken my teeth with gravel stones, He hath made me to wallow in ashes.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	gravel	gravel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
13	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
14	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	wallow	wallow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present · perfect | He | my teeth |  |  |  | with gravel stones | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient with stone=Instrument |
| 2 | **have** | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | past | He *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **wallow** | to-infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  | ashes |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings LAM.3.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gravel:x2:2
# text = (Writings LAM.3.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	LAM.3.16	LAM.3.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car crunched over the gravel driveway.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gravel:x3:1
# text = The car crunched over the gravel driveway.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	crunched	crunch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	gravel	gravel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	driveway	driveway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crunch** | participle |  | the car *not said here* |  | the gravel driveway |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over driveway=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We put gravel at the bottom of the fish tank.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gravel:x4:1
# text = We put gravel at the bottom of the fish tank.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gravel	gravel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	tank	tank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | We | gravel |  | the bottom of the fish tank |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent gravel=Theme at bottom=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I fell off my bike on the loose gravel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gravel:x5:1
# text = I fell off my bike on the loose gravel.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	loose	loose	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	gravel	gravel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall off** | past | I | my bike |  | the loose gravel |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river bed was covered with gravel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gravel:x6:1
# text = The river bed was covered with gravel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	gravel	gravel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the river bed |  |  |  | with gravel | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with gravel=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gravel lets rainwater drain away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gravel:x7:1
# text = Gravel lets rainwater drain away.
1	Gravel	gravel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	rainwater	rainwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	drain	drain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | present | Gravel |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **drain away** | infinitive | rainwater |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP.Source V»: agent=Source |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old farm road is just gravel, not tarmac.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gravel:x8:1
# text = The old farm road is just gravel, not tarmac.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	gravel	gravel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	tarmac	tarmac	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the old farm road | gravel and tarmac |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So he trotted off to the gravel path near the house, and sat down to think.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:gravel:x9:1
# text = So he trotted off to the gravel path near the house, and sat down to think.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	trotted	trot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	gravel	gravel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	near	near	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	down	down	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trot off** | past | he |  |  | the gravel path near the house |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to path=Destination |
| 2 | **sit down** | past | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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