---
title: grievous — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «grievous» in the Judaism dictionary: Very serious and harmful: a grievous mistake. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# grievous

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Grievous bodily harm, thing, Abraham, LORD, Gomorrah, sin · **What happens:** cause, be, hurt, sight, account, say · **To what, where:** great sadness, serious crime, someone, sight, account, son · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«grievous» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [grievous in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/grievous.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very serious and harmful: a grievous mistake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:m1:1
# text = Very serious and harmful: a grievous mistake.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Causing great sadness or pain: a grievous loss.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:m2:1
# text = Causing great sadness or pain: a grievous loss.
1	Causing	cause	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | gerund |  | great sadness or pain |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Causer sadness=Theme loss=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law, UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Grievous bodily harm» (GBH) is a serious crime of badly hurting someone.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:m3:1
# text = «Grievous bodily harm» (GBH) is a serious crime of badly hurting someone.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	bodily	bodily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	GBH	GBH	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	15	advmod	_	_
15	hurting	hurt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
16	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Grievous bodily harm | a serious crime |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hurt** | gerund | Grievous bodily harm *not said here* | someone |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight on account of his son. (Torah GEN.21.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight on account of his son.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x1:1
# text = And the thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight on account of his son.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	Abraham	Abraham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the thing |  |  | Abraham's sight on account of Abraham's son |  | grievous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **sight** |  | Abraham |  |  | account of Abraham's son |  |  | nom sight «cognition transitive»: poss=agent on=place |
| 3 | **account** |  |  | Abraham's son |  |  |  |  | nom account «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.21.11, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.21.11, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.21.11	GEN.21.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the LORD said: 'Verily, the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and, verily, their sin is exceeding grievous. (Torah GEN.18.20, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the LORD said: 'Verily, the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and, verily, their sin is exceeding grievous.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x2:1
# text = And the LORD said: 'Verily, the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and, verily, their sin is exceeding grievous.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
6	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Verily	verily	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Sodom	Sodom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	Gomorrah	Gomorrah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
20	verily	verily	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	exceeding	exceed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
26	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | Gomorrah |  |  |  |  | great *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **exceed** | present · progressive | their sin |  |  |  |  | grievous, verily *property* | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **cry** |  | Sodom |  |  |  |  |  | nom cry «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.18.20, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x2:2
# text = (Torah GEN.18.20, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.18.20	GEN.18.20	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and the plenty shall not be known in the land by reason of that famine which followeth; for it shall be very grievous. (Torah GEN.41.31, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* and the plenty shall not be known in the land by reason of that famine which followeth; for it shall be very grievous.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x3:1
# text = and the plenty shall not be known in the land by reason of that famine which followeth; for it shall be very grievous.
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	plenty	plenty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	famine	famine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	followeth	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
19	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
21	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
22	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	cop	_	_
23	very	very	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **know** | shall · passive | reason of that famine | the plenty |  | the land |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **follow** | present | that famine |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | shall | plenty |  |  |  |  | grievous *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.41.31, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x3:2
# text = (Torah GEN.41.31, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.41.31	GEN.41.31	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A soft answer turneth away wrath; but a grievous word stirreth up anger. (Writings PRO.15.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A soft answer turneth away wrath; but a grievous word stirreth up anger.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x4:1
# text = A soft answer turneth away wrath; but a grievous word stirreth up anger.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	turneth	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	wrath	wrath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	stirreth	stir	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn away** | present | a soft answer | wrath |  |  |  | away *property* | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wrath=Theme |
| 2 | **stir up** | present | a grievous word | anger |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition anger=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.15.1, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x4:2
# text = (Writings PRO.15.1, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.15.1	PRO.15.1	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For thus saith the LORD: Thy hurt is incurable, and thy wound is grievous. (Prophets JER.30.12, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For thus saith the LORD: Thy hurt is incurable, and thy wound is grievous.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x5:1
# text = For thus saith the LORD: Thy hurt is incurable, and thy wound is grievous.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	3	obl	_	_
3	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	hurt	hurt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	incurable	incurable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	wound	wound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present |  | the LORD |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent lord=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | present | Thy hurt |  |  |  |  | incurable *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | thy wound |  |  |  |  | grievous *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **hurt** |  | Thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom hurt «state intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **wound** |  | thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom wound «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.30.12, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x5:2
# text = (Prophets JER.30.12, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.30.12	JER.30.12	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A grievous vision is declared unto me: 'The treacherous dealer dealeth treacherously, and the spoiler spoileth. (Prophets ISA.21.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A grievous vision is declared unto me: 'The treacherous dealer dealeth treacherously, and the spoiler spoileth.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x6:1
# text = A grievous vision is declared unto me: 'The treacherous dealer dealeth treacherously, and the spoiler spoileth.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	vision	vision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	declared	declare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
9	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	treacherous	treacherous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	dealer	dealer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	dealeth	deal	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
14	treacherously	treacherously	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	spoiler	spoiler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	spoileth	spoil	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | a grievous vision |  |  |  | unto me | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute |
| 2 | **deal** | present | the treacherous dealer |  |  |  |  | treacherously *property* | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **spoil** | present | the spoiler |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.21.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x6:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.21.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.21.2	ISA.21.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The general made a grievous mistake and lost the battle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x7:1
# text = The general made a grievous mistake and lost the battle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	general	general	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the general | a grievous mistake |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mistake=Product |
| 2 | **lose** | past | the general *not said here* | the battle |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent battle=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The death of the queen was a grievous loss to the country.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x8:1
# text = The death of the queen was a grievous loss to the country.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the death of the queen | a grievous loss |  |  |  | to the country | tree rules |
| 2 | **die** |  | the queen |  |  |  |  |  | nom death «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The man was charged with grievous bodily harm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x9:1
# text = The man was charged with grievous bodily harm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	charged	charge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	bodily	bodily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **charge** | past · passive |  | the man |  |  |  | with grievous bodily harm | vn equip-13.4.2 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: subject=Recipient with harm=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«I have sinned grievously,» said the knight in the story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x10:1
# text = «I have sinned grievously,» said the knight in the story.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	sinned	sin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	ccomp	_	_
5	grievously	grievously	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sin** *in a quote* | present · perfect | the knight *= knight* |  |  |  |  | grievously *property* | vn rebel-71.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the knight |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A grievous wound needs a doctor straight away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x11:1
# text = A grievous wound needs a doctor straight away.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wound	wound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	away	away	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | a grievous wound | a doctor |  |  |  | away *property* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot doctor=Theme |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Forgetting her birthday was not a grievous crime.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x12:1
# text = Forgetting her birthday was not a grievous crime.
1	Forgetting	forget	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forget** | gerund |  | her birthday |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | past | Forgetting | a grievous crime |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But at last the gods afflicted the country with a grievous pestilence, which made terrible havoc among the people.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:grievous:x13:1
# text = But at last the gods afflicted the country with a grievous pestilence, which made terrible havoc among the people.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj:outer	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
6	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	pestilence	pestilence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	havoc	havoc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	among	among	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afflict** | past | last | the country |  |  |  | with a grievous pestilence | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus country=Experiencer |
| 2 | **make** | past | a grievous pestilence | terrible havoc |  |  |  | among the people | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset havoc=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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- ↑ back to [G in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/G/)