---
title: guilty — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «guilty» in the Judaism dictionary: Feeling bad because you know you did something wrong. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# guilty

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, It, he, ye, murderer, Evil · **What happens:** feel, know, do, decide, break, be · **To what, where:** something, law, ransom, murderer, he, wicked · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«guilty» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [guilty in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/guilty.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Feeling bad because you know you did something wrong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:m1:1
# text = Feeling bad because you know you did something wrong.
1	Feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **know** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **do** | past | you | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having done something wrong or against the law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:m2:1
# text = Having done something wrong or against the law.
1	Having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	aux	_	_
2	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | gerund · perfect |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Decided by a court to have broken the law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:m3:1
# text = Decided by a court to have broken the law.
1	Decided	decide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux	_	_
7	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decide** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by a court | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **break** | to-infinitive · perfect |  | the law |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer law=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a guilt-offering — he is certainly guilty before the LORD. (Torah LEV.5.19, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is a guilt-offering — he is certainly guilty before the LORD.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:x1:1
# text = It is a guilt-offering — he is certainly guilty before the LORD.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	guilt	guilt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	offering	offer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
12	before	before	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | offer *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | he |  |  |  | before the LORD | certainly, guilty *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.5.19, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:x1:2
# text = (Torah LEV.5.19, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.5.19	LEV.5.19	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and it shall be, when he shall be guilty in one of these things, that he shall confess that wherein he hath sinned; (Torah LEV.5.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:x2:1
# text = and it shall be, when he shall be guilty in one of these things, that he shall confess that wherein he hath sinned; (Torah LEV.5.5, JPS 1917)
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
10	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	confess	confess	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	parataxis	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	wherein	wherein	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	24	advmod	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
25	sinned	sin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
27	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	LEV.5.5	LEV.5.5	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	_
32	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	31	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	29	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | shall | it |  |  |  |  | in one of this things; guilty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **confess** | shall | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **have** | present | he |  |  |  |  | wherein *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **sin** | participle | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn rebel-71.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moreover ye shall take no ransom for the life of a murderer, that is guilty of death; but he shall surely be put to death. (Torah NUM.35.31, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Moreover ye shall take no ransom for the life of a murderer, that is guilty of death; but he shall surely be put to death.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:x3:1
# text = Moreover ye shall take no ransom for the life of a murderer, that is guilty of death; but he shall surely be put to death.
1	Moreover	moreover	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	ransom	ransom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	murderer	murderer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	acl:relcl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
20	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
22	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
23	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
24	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | shall | ye | no ransom |  |  |  | for the life of a murderer; moreover *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent ransom=Theme for life=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **is** | present | a murderer | a murderer *not said here* |  |  |  | of death; guilty *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **put** | shall · passive |  | he |  |  |  | to death; surely *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Goal |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.35.31, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:x3:2
# text = (Torah NUM.35.31, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.35.31	NUM.35.31	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Evil shall kill the wicked; and they that hate the righteous shall be held guilty. (Writings PSA.34.22, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Evil shall kill the wicked; and they that hate the righteous shall be held guilty.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:x4:1
# text = Evil shall kill the wicked; and they that hate the righteous shall be held guilty.
1	Evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	hate	hate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	righteous	righteous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	obj	_	_
13	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
16	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | shall | Evil | the wicked |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wicked=Theme |
| 2 | **hate** | present | they | the righteous |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer righteous=Stimulus |
| 3 | **hold** | shall · passive | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V» |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.34.22, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:x4:2
# text = (Writings PSA.34.22, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.34.22	PSA.34.22	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Slander not a servant unto his master, lest he curse thee, and thou be found guilty. (Writings PRO.30.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Slander not a servant unto his master, lest he curse thee, and thou be found guilty.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:x5:1
# text = Slander not a servant unto his master, lest he curse thee, and thou be found guilty.
1	Slander	slander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	curse	curse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
12	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nsubj	_	_
16	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
18	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | infinitive · passive |  | thou |  |  |  | guilty *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.30.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:x5:2
# text = (Writings PRO.30.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.30.10	PRO.30.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling, he exalted himself in Israel; but when he became guilty through Baal, he died. (Prophets HOS.13.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling, he exalted himself in Israel; but when he became guilty through Baal, he died.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:x6:1
# text = When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling, he exalted himself in Israel; but when he became guilty through Baal, he died.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	Ephraim	Ephraim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	7	expl	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	trembling	tremble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	exalted	exalt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	10	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
16	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	advcl	_	_
19	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	_
20	through	through	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Baal	Baal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Ephraim |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tremble** | past · progressive | Ephraim *not said here* |  |  | there |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **exalt** | past | Ephraim | Ephraim |  | Israel |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer himself=Stimulus |
| 4 | **become** | past | Ephraim |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **die** | past | Ephraim |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets HOS.13.1, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:x6:2
# text = (Prophets HOS.13.1, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	HOS.13.1	HOS.13.1	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I felt guilty about eating my sister's chocolate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:x7:1
# text = I felt guilty about eating my sister's chocolate.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | I |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **eat** | gerund | I *not said here* | my sister's chocolate |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chocolate=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog looked guilty next to the chewed shoe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:x8:1
# text = The dog looked guilty next to the chewed shoe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	next	next	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	chewed	chew	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the dog |  |  |  |  | guilty, next *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **chew** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The judge said the man was guilty of stealing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:x9:1
# text = The judge said the man was guilty of stealing.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	stealing	stealing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the judge |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the man |  |  |  |  | of stealing; guilty *property* | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had a guilty conscience after telling a lie.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:x10:1
# text = He had a guilty conscience after telling a lie.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	conscience	conscience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lie	lie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | He | a guilty conscience |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conscience=Patient |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | He *not said here* | a lie |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lie=Recipient |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't feel guilty about saying no to a stranger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:x11:1
# text = Don't feel guilty about saying no to a stranger.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	feel	feel	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **feel** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | you *not said here* | no | a stranger |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent no=Topic to stranger=Recipient |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was found not guilty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:x12:1
# text = She was found not guilty.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past · passive |  | She |  |  |  | guilty *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I am guilty, wretch that I am!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:guilty:x13:1
# text = I am guilty, wretch that I am!
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	wretch	wretch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obj	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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