--- title: harbinger — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics description: «harbinger» in the Judaism dictionary: A person who goes ahead to announce what is coming. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/H/harbinger/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/) / [H](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/H/) / harbinger # harbinger **Who acts:** person, harbinger, beautiful mountains, that, God · **What happens:** go, announce, come, give, be, say · **To what, where:** Jerusalem, feet, peace, salvation, good tidings · **Speech:** someone speaks here «harbinger» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [harbinger in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/harbinger.md). ## Meaning 1 {#m1} A person who goes ahead to announce what is coming. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:judaism:harbinger:m1:1 # text = A person who goes ahead to announce what is coming. 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 person person NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 4 nsubj _ _ 4 goes go VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 acl:relcl _ _ 5 ahead ahead ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 6 to to PART TO _ 7 mark _ _ 7 announce announce VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 advcl _ _ 8 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 10 nsubj _ _ 9 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 10 coming come VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 7 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 11 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **go** | present | a person | | | | | ahead *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **announce** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | a person *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **come** | present · progressive | | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## Example 1 {#x1} A harbinger unto Zion will I give: 'Behold, behold them', and to Jerusalem a messenger of good tidings. (Prophets ISA.41.27, JPS 1917) *Sentence 1:* A harbinger unto Zion will I give: 'Behold, behold them', and to Jerusalem a messenger of good tidings. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:judaism:harbinger:x1:1 # text = A harbinger unto Zion will I give: 'Behold, behold them', and to Jerusalem a messenger of good tidings. 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 harbinger harbinger NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 3 unto unto ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Zion Zion PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 6 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 7 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 8 : : PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 9 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 10 Behold behold INTJ UH _ 7 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 behold behold INTJ UH _ 7 discourse _ _ 13 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 14 ', ', PUNCT '' _ 12 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 16 to to ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 Jerusalem Jerusalem PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 iobj _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 messenger messenger NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 appos _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 tidings tiding NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 23 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give** | future | a harbinger unto Zion | | Jerusalem | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jerusalem=Theme | *Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.41.27, JPS 1917) ```conllu # sent_id = dict:judaism:harbinger:x1:2 # text = (Prophets ISA.41.27, JPS 1917) 1 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 Prophets prophet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 3 ISA.41.27 ISA.41.27 PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 JPS JPS PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 flat _ _ 6 1917 1917 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 7 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 2 punct _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ## Example 2 {#x2} How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of the messenger of good tidings, that announceth peace, the harbinger of good tidings, that announceth salvation; that saith unto Zion: 'Thy God reigneth!' (Prophets ISA.52.7, JPS 1917) *Sentence 1:* How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of the messenger of good tidings, that announceth peace, the harbinger of good tidings, that announceth salvation; that saith unto Zion: 'Thy God reigneth!' ```conllu # sent_id = dict:judaism:harbinger:x2:1 # text = How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of the messenger of good tidings, that announceth peace, the harbinger of good tidings, that announceth salvation; that saith unto Zion: 'Thy God reigneth!' 1 How how ADV WRB PronType=Int 2 advmod _ _ 2 beautiful beautiful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 3 upon upon ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 mountains mountain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 6 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 feet foot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 messenger messenger NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 tidings tiding NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 17 nsubj _ _ 17 announceth announce VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ _ 18 peace peace NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 harbinger harbinger NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 conj _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 tidings tiding NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 27 nsubj _ _ 27 announceth announce VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ _ 28 salvation salvation NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 29 ; ; PUNCT : _ 31 punct _ _ 30 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 31 nsubj _ _ 31 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ _ 32 unto unto ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 Zion zion NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 34 : : PUNCT : _ 38 punct _ _ 35 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 38 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 36 Thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 37 nmod:poss _ _ 37 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ _ 38 reigneth reign VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 39 ! ! PUNCT . _ 38 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 40 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 38 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the beautiful mountains | the feet | | | | of the messenger of good tidings | tree rules | | 2 | **announce** *speech: other* | present | that | peace and the harbinger of good tidings | | | | | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent peace=Theme | | 3 | **announce** *speech: other* | present | that | salvation | | | | | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salvation=Theme | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | that | | | | | unto Zion | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **reign** | present | Thy God | | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **harbinger** | | | good tidings | | | | | nom harbinger «communication transitive»: of=patient | *Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.52.7, JPS 1917) ```conllu # sent_id = dict:judaism:harbinger:x2:2 # text = (Prophets ISA.52.7, JPS 1917) 1 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 Prophets prophet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 3 ISA.52.7 ISA.52.7 PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 JPS JPS PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 flat _ _ 6 1917 1917 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 7 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 2 punct _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. **Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. 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