---
title: hardly — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hardly» in the Judaism dictionary: Hardly means almost not, or only just. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hardly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** You, numbers, two editors, K, lastly Qoph, true K · **What happens:** not mean, mean, not be, blame, be, concur · **To what, where:** him, source, lastly Qoph, Q, that, fog · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hardly» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hardly in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/hardly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hardly means almost not, or only just.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hardly:m1:1
# text = Hardly means almost not, or only just.
1	Hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	just	just	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hardly *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hardly ever means almost never.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hardly:m2:1
# text = Hardly ever means almost never.
1	Hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **mean** | present |  |  |  |  | ever | hardly *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hardly can mean it is not reasonable: «You can hardly blame him.».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hardly:m3:1
# text = Hardly can mean it is not reasonable: «You can hardly blame him.».
1	Hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	expl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	blame	blame	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  | hardly *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | reasonable *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **blame** *in a quote* | can | You | him *= he* |  |  |  | hardly *property* | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
These numbers have been a source of difference between the editors and copyists, hardly any two editors concurring. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* These numbers have been a source of difference between the editors and copyists, hardly any two editors concurring.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hardly:x1:1
# text = These numbers have been a source of difference between the editors and copyists, hardly any two editors concurring.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	difference	difference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	between	between	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	editors	editor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	copyists	copyist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	18	det	_	_
17	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	editors	editor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
19	concurring	concur	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present · perfect | this numbers | a source |  |  |  | of difference between the editors and copyists and any two editors | tree rules |
| 2 | **concur** | gerund | any two editors *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hardly:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
must not be confused with Zain, Z ; and lastly Qoph, Q is very often replaced by K, which is hardly defensible as there is a true K in addition. ' 44. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* must not be confused with Zain, Z ; and lastly Qoph, Q is very often replaced by K, which is hardly defensible as there is a true K in addition. '

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hardly:x2:1
# text = must not be confused with Zain, Z ; and lastly Qoph, Q is very often replaced by K, which is hardly defensible as there is a true K in addition. '
1	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	confused	confuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Zain	Zain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Z	z	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	lastly	lastly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Qoph	Qoph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	Q	Q	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
16	very	very	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	often	often	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	replaced	replace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl:relcl	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	K	K	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	defensible	defensible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	parataxis	_	_
26	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	28	expl	_	_
28	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	advcl	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	K	k	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	addition	addition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
35	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **confuse** | must · passive |  | lastly Qoph |  |  |  | with Zain | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V PP»: with zain=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **replace** | present · passive | K | Q |  |  |  | often *property* | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | lastly Qoph |  |  |  |  | defensible, hardly *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** | present | a true K in addition |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* 44.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hardly:x2:2
# text = 44.
1	44	44	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hardly:x2:3
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
THERE is hardly another book in Jewish literature, the Bible and the Talmud excepted, that has been so much commented upon as the Sefer Yetzirah. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* THERE is hardly another book in Jewish literature, the Bible and the Talmud excepted, that has been so much commented upon as the Sefer Yetzirah.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hardly:x3:1
# text = THERE is hardly another book in Jewish literature, the Bible and the Talmud excepted, that has been so much commented upon as the Sefer Yetzirah.
1	THERE	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Jewish	Jewish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Talmud	Talmud	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
15	excepted	except	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	obj	_	_
18	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
19	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	22	aux:pass	_	_
20	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	much	much	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	commented	comment	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
23	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | another book in Jewish literature |  |  | there |  | hardly *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **except** | past | the Bible and the Talmud |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **comment** *speech: other* | present · perfect · passive | the Bible and the Talmud *not said here* | that |  |  |  | upon the Sefer Yetzirah | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hardly:x3:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I could hardly see in the fog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hardly:x4:1
# text = I could hardly see in the fog.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fog	fog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | could | I |  |  | the fog |  | hardly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We hardly ever go to the cinema.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hardly:x5:1
# text = We hardly ever go to the cinema.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	advmod	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cinema	cinema	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | infinitive | We |  |  | the cinema | ever | hardly *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to cinema=Initial\_Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is hardly any milk left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hardly:x6:1
# text = There is hardly any milk left.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | any milk |  |  | there |  | hardly *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  | any milk *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She had hardly started when the bell rang.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hardly:x7:1
# text = She had hardly started when the bell rang.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	started	start	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	rang	ring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past · perfect | She |  |  |  |  | hardly *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **ring** | past | the bell |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He hardly ate anything.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hardly:x8:1
# text = He hardly ate anything.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | He | anything |  |  |  | hardly *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hardly anyone came to the match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hardly:x9:1
# text = Hardly anyone came to the match.
1	Hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | anyone |  |  | the match |  | hardly *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to match=Initial\_Location |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I can hardly believe it!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hardly:x10:1
# text = I can hardly believe it!
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | can | I | it |  |  |  | hardly *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He hardly knew himself, so changed was he.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hardly:x11:1
# text = He hardly knew himself, so changed was he.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | He | himself *= he* |  |  |  | hardly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **change** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | past |  | he |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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