---
title: hark — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hark» in the Judaism dictionary: «Hark!» is a call to listen. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hark

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Hark, Hark battle, wind · **What happens:** be, listen, hark, mean, spoil, gather · **To what, where:** call, it, land, bell, sea · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hark» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hark in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/hark.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Hark!» is a call to listen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hark:m1:1
# text = «Hark!» is a call to listen.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Hark	Hark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	call	call	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	listen	listen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Hark | a call |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **listen** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hark to something means to listen carefully to it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hark:m2:1
# text = To hark to something means to listen carefully to it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hark	hark	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	listen	listen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hark** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | to something | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **listen** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  | it |  |  | carefully *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to it=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hark! a cry from Horonaim, spoiling and great destruction! (Prophets JER.48.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Hark! a cry from Horonaim, spoiling and great destruction!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hark:x1:1
# text = Hark! a cry from Horonaim, spoiling and great destruction!
1	Hark	Hark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Horonaim	Horonaim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	spoiling	spoil	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spoil** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.48.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hark:x1:2
# text = (Prophets JER.48.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.48.3	JER.48.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hark! battle is in the land, and great destruction. (Prophets JER.50.22, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Hark! battle is in the land, and great destruction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hark:x2:1
# text = Hark! battle is in the land, and great destruction.
1	Hark	Hark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
3	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Hark battle |  |  | the land and great destruction |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.50.22, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hark:x2:2
# text = (Prophets JER.50.22, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.50.22	JER.50.22	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hark, the uproar of the kingdoms of the nations gathered together! (Prophets ISA.13.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Hark, the uproar of the kingdoms of the nations gathered together!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hark:x3:1
# text = Hark, the uproar of the kingdoms of the nations gathered together!
1	Hark	Hark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	uproar	uproar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	together	together	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | past | Hark |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.13.4, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hark:x3:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.13.4, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.13.4	ISA.13.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hark! Is that a bell?

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Hark!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hark:x4:1
# text = Hark!
1	Hark	Hark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Is that a bell?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hark:x4:2
# text = Is that a bell?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
2	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a bell |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hark to the wind rising over the sea!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hark:x5:1
# text = Hark to the wind rising over the sea!
1	Hark	Hark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | gerund | the wind *not said here* |  |  | the sea |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over sea=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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