---
title: harsh — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «harsh» in the Judaism dictionary: Cruel, unkind or too strict: «a harsh punishment», «harsh words». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# harsh

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** That, Good understanding, way, punishment, Polar bears, harsh light · **What happens:** live, be, give, hurt, do, not be · **To what, where:** grace, harsh climate, eyes, detention, him, harsh desert conditions

<!-- .vabout -->
«harsh» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [harsh in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/harsh.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cruel, unkind or too strict: «a harsh punishment», «harsh words».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:harsh:m1:1
# text = Cruel, unkind or too strict: «a harsh punishment», «harsh words».
1	Cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	strict	strict	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very difficult to live in: «a harsh winter», «a harsh desert».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:harsh:m2:1
# text = Very difficult to live in: «a harsh winter», «a harsh desert».
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | winter |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unpleasant to the senses: too loud, bright or rough: «harsh light», «a harsh voice».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:harsh:m3:1
# text = Unpleasant to the senses: too loud, bright or rough: «harsh light», «a harsh voice».
1	Unpleasant	unpleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	senses	sens	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	too	too	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unfair or a bit mean: «That's harsh, mate!».

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:harsh:m4:1
# text = Unfair or a bit mean: «That's harsh, mate!».
1	Unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	mean	mean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | That |  |  |  |  | mate *vocative*; harsh *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good understanding giveth grace; but the way of the faithless is harsh. (Writings PRO.13.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Good understanding giveth grace; but the way of the faithless is harsh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:harsh:x1:1
# text = Good understanding giveth grace; but the way of the faithless is harsh.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	understanding	understanding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	giveth	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	grace	grace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	faithless	faithless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	acl	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Good understanding | grace |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grace=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the way |  |  |  |  | harsh *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.13.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:harsh:x1:2
# text = (Writings PRO.13.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.13.15	PRO.13.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The punishment was too harsh for such a small mistake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:harsh:x2:1
# text = The punishment was too harsh for such a small mistake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	10	det:predet	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the punishment |  |  |  |  | for such small mistake; harsh *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polar bears live in a harsh climate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:harsh:x3:1
# text = Polar bears live in a harsh climate.
1	Polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	climate	climate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Polar bears |  |  | a harsh climate |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in climate=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The harsh light hurt my eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:harsh:x4:1
# text = The harsh light hurt my eyes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | past | the harsh light | my eyes |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer eye=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't be so harsh on your little brother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:harsh:x5:1
# text = Don't be so harsh on your little brother.
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	advcl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | on your little brother; harsh *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«You got detention for that? Harsh!»

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «You got detention for that?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:harsh:x6:1
# text = «You got detention for that?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	detention	detention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** *in a quote* | past | You | detention |  |  |  | for that | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent detention=Theme for that=Source |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Harsh!»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:harsh:x6:2
# text = Harsh!»
1	Harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coach's harsh words made him cry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:harsh:x7:1
# text = The coach's harsh words made him cry.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the coach's harsh words | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | infinitive | him *= he* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **word** |  | the coach |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Camels can survive harsh desert conditions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:harsh:x8:1
# text = Camels can survive harsh desert conditions.
1	Camels	camel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	survive	survive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	conditions	condition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | can | Camels | harsh desert conditions |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme condition=Circumstance |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fionn’s brother, Cairell Whiteskin, broke into the conversation with a harsh laugh.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:harsh:x9:1
# text = Fionn’s brother, Cairell Whiteskin, broke into the conversation with a harsh laugh.
1	Fionn	Fionn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	’s	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Cairell	Cairell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
6	Whiteskin	Whiteskin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	conversation	conversation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	laugh	laugh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | Fionn's brother |  |  |  |  | into the conversation *result*; with a harsh laugh | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Agent into conversation=Result with laugh=Instrument |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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