---
title: hawk — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hawk» in the Judaism dictionary: A bird of prey with sharp eyes, a hooked beak and strong claws (talons), which hunts small animals. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hawk

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** strong claws, person, hawk, teacher, sharp talons, Street sellers · **What happens:** hook, hunt, sell, walk, call out, clear · **To what, where:** small animals, things, throat, strong warlike actions, hawk soar, wings

<!-- .vabout -->
«hawk» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hawk in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/hawk.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bird of prey with sharp eyes, a hooked beak and strong claws (talons), which hunts small animals.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hawk:m1:1
# text = A bird of prey with sharp eyes, a hooked beak and strong claws (talons), which hunts small animals.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	hooked	hook	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	claws	claw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	talons	talon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	hunts	hunt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
21	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hook** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hunt** | present | strong claws | small animals |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To sell things by walking about and calling out, like at a market.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hawk:m2:1
# text = To sell things by walking about and calling out, like at a market.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sell	sell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	walking	walk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	calling	call	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | to-infinitive |  | things |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
| 2 | **walk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | about *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **call out** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | like a market | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To clear your throat noisily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hawk:m3:1
# text = To clear your throat noisily.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	clear	clear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	throat	throat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	noisily	noisily	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clear** | to-infinitive |  | your throat |  |  |  | noisily *property* | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent throat=Source |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who prefers strong, warlike actions (opposite of a dove).

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hawk:m4:1
# text = A person who prefers strong, warlike actions (opposite of a dove).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	prefers	prefer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	warlike	warlike	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	actions	action	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	opposite	opposite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	dove	dove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prefer** | present | a person | strong warlike actions |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer action=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and the ostrich, and the night-hawk, and the sea-mew, and the hawk after its kinds; (Torah LEV.11.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hawk:x1:1
# text = and the ostrich, and the night-hawk, and the sea-mew, and the hawk after its kinds; (Torah LEV.11.16, JPS 1917)
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	ostrich	ostrich	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	mew	mew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
20	after	after	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
24	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	LEV.11.16	LEV.11.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	appos	_	_
29	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	28	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	28	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doth the hawk soar by thy wisdom, and stretch her wings toward the south? (Writings JOB.39.26, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Doth the hawk soar by thy wisdom, and stretch her wings toward the south?

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hawk:x2:1
# text = Doth the hawk soar by thy wisdom, and stretch her wings toward the south?
1	Doth	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	soar	soar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	stretch	stretch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
11	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present |  | the hawk soar |  |  |  | by thy wisdom | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soar=Eventuality |
| 2 | **stretch** | infinitive |  | her wings |  |  |  | toward the south | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent wing=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.39.26, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hawk:x2:2
# text = (Writings JOB.39.26, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.39.26	JOB.39.26	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hawk was circling high above the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hawk:x3:1
# text = A hawk was circling high above the field.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	circling	circle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
6	above	above	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **circle** | past · progressive | a hawk |  |  | the field |  | high *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hawk swooped down and caught a mouse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hawk:x4:1
# text = The hawk swooped down and caught a mouse.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	swooped	swoop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swoop down** | past | the hawk |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **catch** | past | the hawk *not said here* | a mouse |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouse=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our teacher watches us like a hawk during tests.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hawk:x5:1
# text = Our teacher watches us like a hawk during tests.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	watches	watch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	during	during	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	tests	test	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | present | Our teacher | us |  |  | during tests | like a hawk | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hawk's sharp talons grip its prey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hawk:x6:1
# text = The hawk's sharp talons grip its prey.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	talons	talon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	grip	grip	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grip** | present | the hawk's sharp talons | hawk's prey |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Street sellers hawked newspapers on the corner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hawk:x7:1
# text = Street sellers hawked newspapers on the corner.
1	Street	street	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sellers	seller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hawked	hawk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	newspapers	newspaper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	corner	corner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hawk** | past | Street sellers | newspapers |  | the corner |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent newspaper=Theme on corner=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hawks can see a mouse from very high up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hawk:x8:1
# text = Hawks can see a mouse from very high up.
1	Hawks	hawk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	_
9	up	up	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | can | Hawks | a mouse |  | high |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mouse=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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