---
title: hay — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hay» in the Judaism dictionary: Hay is long grass that has been cut and dried, used to feed animals like horses, cows, rabbits and guinea pigs. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hay

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Hay, tender grass, horse, Rabbits, Farmers, We · **What happens:** be, cut, dry, use, feed, show · **To what, where:** long grass, animals, grass, herbs, hay, fresh hay · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hay» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hay in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/hay.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hay is long grass that has been cut and dried, used to feed animals like horses, cows, rabbits and guinea pigs.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hay:m1:1
# text = Hay is long grass that has been cut and dried, used to feed animals like horses, cows, rabbits and guinea pigs.
1	Hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	feed	feed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	guinea	guinea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	pigs	pig	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Hay | long grass |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut** | present · perfect · passive |  | long grass |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **dry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **feed** | to-infinitive |  |  | animals |  |  | like horses and cows and rabbits and guinea pigs | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When the hay is mown, and the tender grass showeth itself, and the herbs of the mountains are gathered in; (Writings PRO.27.25, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hay:x1:1
# text = When the hay is mown, and the tender grass showeth itself, and the herbs of the mountains are gathered in; (Writings PRO.27.25, JPS 1917)
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	mown	mown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	tender	tender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	showeth	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	herbs	herb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	gathered	gather	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
26	PRO.27.25	PRO.27.25	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	flat	_	_
29	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the hay |  |  |  |  | Writings *obl*; mown *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | present | the tender grass | grass |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent itself=Recipient |
| 3 | **gather** | present · passive |  | the herbs of the mountains |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horse is eating hay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hay:x2:1
# text = The horse is eating hay.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present · progressive | the horse | hay |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hay=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rabbits need fresh hay every day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hay:x3:1
# text = Rabbits need fresh hay every day.
1	Rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Rabbits | fresh hay |  |  | day |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot hay=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Farmers make hay in summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hay:x4:1
# text = Farmers make hay in summer.
1	Farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Farmers | hay |  |  | summer |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hay=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sat on hay bales at the farm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hay:x5:1
# text = We sat on hay bales at the farm.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	bales	bale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | We |  |  | hay bales |  | at the farm | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on bale=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hay fever makes me sneeze in spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hay:x6:1
# text = Hay fever makes me sneeze in spring.
1	Hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	fever	fever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	sneeze	sneeze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Hay fever | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sneeze** | infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  |  | spring |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Finding my earring in the garden was like finding a needle in a haystack.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hay:x7:1
# text = Finding my earring in the garden was like finding a needle in a haystack.
1	Finding	find	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	earring	earring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	finding	find	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	needle	needle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	haystack	haystack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | gerund |  | my earring |  | the garden |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent earring=Topic |
| 2 | **find** | past · progressive | Finding | a needle |  | a haystack |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent needle=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The barn is full of hay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hay:x8:1
# text = The barn is full of hay.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	barn	barn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the barn |  |  |  |  | of hay; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Make hay while the sun shines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hay:x9:1
# text = Make hay while the sun shines.
1	Make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	shines	shine	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | imperative | you *not said here* | hay |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hay=Product |
| 2 | **shine** | present | the sun |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then the man filled the manger with hay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hay:x10:1
# text = Then the man filled the manger with hay.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	filled	fill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	manger	manger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | past | the man | the manger |  |  | then | with hay | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent manger=Patient with hay=Instrument |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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