---
title: helpless — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «helpless» in the Judaism dictionary: Helpless means not able to look after yourself or do things without help, like a newborn baby. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# helpless

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Helpless, you, He, eyes, Thou, newborn baby · **What happens:** mean, look, do, change, stop, happen · **To what, where:** things, bad situation, something, laughter laughter, helpless fall, mighty claws

<!-- .vabout -->
«helpless» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [helpless in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/helpless.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Helpless means not able to look after yourself or do things without help, like a newborn baby.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:helpless:m1:1
# text = Helpless means not able to look after yourself or do things without help, like a newborn baby.
1	Helpless	helpless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	6	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
11	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	without	without	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	newborn	newborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Helpless |  |  |  |  | able *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **look** | to-infinitive | Helpless *not said here* |  |  |  | after yourself |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **do** | infinitive | Helpless *not said here* | things |  |  |  | without help; like a newborn baby | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Helpless means unable to change a bad situation or stop something happening.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:helpless:m2:1
# text = Helpless means unable to change a bad situation or stop something happening.
1	Helpless	helpless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	situation	situation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	_
12	happening	happen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Helpless |  |  |  |  | unable *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **change** | to-infinitive | Helpless *not said here* | a bad situation |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent situation=Patient |
| 3 | **stop** | infinitive | Helpless *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **happen** | gerund | Helpless *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Helpless laughter is laughter you cannot stop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:helpless:m3:1
# text = Helpless laughter is laughter you cannot stop.
1	Helpless	helpless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	laughter	laughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	laughter	laughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | laughter laughter |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **stop** | can | you | laughter laughter *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector laughter=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He croucheth, he boweth down, and the helpless fall into his mighty claws. (Writings PSA.10.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* He croucheth, he boweth down, and the helpless fall into his mighty claws.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:helpless:x1:1
# text = He croucheth, he boweth down, and the helpless fall into his mighty claws.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	croucheth	crouch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	boweth	bow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	down	down	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	helpless	helpless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	claws	claw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crouch** | present | He | the helpless fall |  | his mighty claws |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **bow down** | present | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.10.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:helpless:x1:2
# text = (Writings PSA.10.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.10.10	PSA.10.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sitteth in the lurking-places of the villages; in secret places doth he slay the innocent; his eyes are on the watch for the helpless. (Writings PSA.10.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* He sitteth in the lurking-places of the villages; in secret places doth he slay the innocent; his eyes are on the watch for the helpless.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:helpless:x2:1
# text = He sitteth in the lurking-places of the villages; in secret places doth he slay the innocent; his eyes are on the watch for the helpless.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sitteth	sit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	lurking	lurking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
15	doth	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	slay	slay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	innocent	innocent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
23	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	watch	watch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
27	for	for	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	helpless	helpless	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | present | He |  |  | the lurking places of the villages |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in place=Location |
| 2 | **do** | present | He *not said here* | he |  | secret places |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **slay** | infinitive | He *not said here* | the innocent |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent innocent=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | present | his eyes |  |  | the watch |  | for the helpless | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.10.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:helpless:x2:2
# text = (Writings PSA.10.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.10.8	PSA.10.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou hast seen; for Thou beholdest trouble and vexation, to requite them with Thy hand; unto Thee the helpless committeth himself; Thou hast been the helper of the fatherless. (Writings PSA.10.14, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thou hast seen; for Thou beholdest trouble and vexation, to requite them with Thy hand; unto Thee the helpless committeth himself; Thou hast been the helper of the fatherless.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:helpless:x3:1
# text = Thou hast seen; for Thou beholdest trouble and vexation, to requite them with Thy hand; unto Thee the helpless committeth himself; Thou hast been the helper of the fatherless.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hast	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nsubj	_	_
7	beholdest	behold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	vexation	vexation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	requite	requite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	23	obl	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	helpless	helpless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	nsubj	_	_
23	committeth	commit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
24	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
26	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	30	nsubj	_	_
27	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
28	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	30	cop	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	helper	helper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	fatherless	fatherless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Thou |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | participle | Thou *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **behold** | present | Thou | trouble and vexation |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer trouble=Stimulus |
| 4 | **requite** | to-infinitive | Thou *not said here* | trouble |  |  |  | with Thy hand | tree rules |
| 5 | **commit** | present | the helpless | himself *= he* |  |  |  | unto Thee | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme |
| 6 | **is a** | present · perfect | Thou | the helper |  |  |  | of the fatherless | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.10.14, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:helpless:x3:2
# text = (Writings PSA.10.14, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.10.14	PSA.10.14	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A newborn baby is completely helpless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:helpless:x4:1
# text = A newborn baby is completely helpless.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	newborn	newborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	helpless	helpless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a newborn baby |  |  |  |  | completely, helpless *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Baby birds are helpless and need their parents to feed them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:helpless:x5:1
# text = Baby birds are helpless and need their parents to feed them.
1	Baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	helpless	helpless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	feed	feed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Baby birds |  |  |  |  | helpless *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | Baby birds *not said here* | birds's parents |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot parent=Theme |
| 3 | **feed** | to-infinitive | Baby birds *not said here* | parents *= parent* |  |  |  |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I felt helpless when I saw my kite stuck in the tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:helpless:x6:1
# text = I felt helpless when I saw my kite stuck in the tree.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	helpless	helpless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	kite	kite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	stuck	stuck	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | I |  |  |  |  | helpless *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **see** | past | I | my kite |  |  |  | stuck *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer kite=Stimulus |
| 3 | **kite** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom kite «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy lay helpless in the cold rain until we rescued it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:helpless:x7:1
# text = The puppy lay helpless in the cold rain until we rescued it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	helpless	helpless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	rescued	rescue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past | the puppy |  |  | the cold rain |  | helpless *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in rain=Location |
| 2 | **rescue** | past | we | puppy |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were helpless with laughter at the funny film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:helpless:x8:1
# text = They were helpless with laughter at the funny film.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	helpless	helpless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	laughter	laughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | They |  |  | the funny film |  | with laughter; helpless *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Without its shell, a tortoise would be helpless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:helpless:x9:1
# text = Without its shell, a tortoise would be helpless.
1	Without	without	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tortoise	tortoise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	helpless	helpless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | would | a tortoise |  |  |  |  | without its shell; helpless *property* | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have to look after my grandmother, who is very helpless.’

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:helpless:x10:1
# text = I have to look after my grandmother, who is very helpless.’
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	very	very	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	helpless	helpless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  | after my grandmother |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is** | present | my grandmother |  |  |  |  | helpless *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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