---
title: herd — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «herd» in the Judaism dictionary: A herd is a large group of animals of one kind that live and move together, like cows, deer, elephants or horses. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# herd

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** herd, one kind, ordinary people, Lot, mixed multitude, you · **What happens:** be, live, move together, herd, mean, move · **To what, where:** large group, animals, ordinary people, same thing, flocks, herds · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«herd» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 15 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [herd in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/herd.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A herd is a large group of animals of one kind that live and move together, like cows, deer, elephants or horses.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:m1:1
# text = A herd is a large group of animals of one kind that live and move together, like cows, deer, elephants or horses.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	move	move	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
16	together	together	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	deer	deer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a herd | a large group |  |  |  | of animals of one kind | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | one kind |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **move together** | present | one kind *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like cows and deer and elephants or horses; together *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To herd animals or people means to move them together as a group.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:m2:1
# text = To herd animals or people means to move them together as a group.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	herd	herd	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	together	together	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **herd** | to-infinitive |  | animals or people |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent animal=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **move** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | animals *= animal* |  |  |  | as a group; together *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«The herd» can mean ordinary people who all do the same thing.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:m3:1
# text = «The herd» can mean ordinary people who all do the same thing.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	nsubj	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | the herd | ordinary people |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Topic |
| 2 | **do** | present | ordinary people | the same thing |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Lot also, who went with Abram, had flocks, and herds, and tents. (Torah GEN.13.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Lot also, who went with Abram, had flocks, and herds, and tents.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x1:1
# text = And Lot also, who went with Abram, had flocks, and herds, and tents.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	Lot	Lot	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Abram	Abram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	flocks	flock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	tents	tent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Lot |  |  |  |  | with Abram | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with abram=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **have** | past | Lot *not said here* | flocks and herds and tents |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flock=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.13.5, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.13.5, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.13.5	GEN.13.5	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle. (Torah EXO.12.38, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x2:1
# text = And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	mixed	mixed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	multitude	multitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	flocks	flock	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	even	even	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
18	very	very	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | past | a mixed multitude |  |  |  |  | with them *= they* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **flock** | present | a mixed multitude *not said here* | herds |  |  |  | much cattle *obl* | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent herd=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.12.38, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x2:2
# text = (Torah EXO.12.38, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.12.38	EXO.12.38	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Take both your flocks and your herds, as ye have said, and be gone; and bless me also.' (Torah EXO.12.32, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Take both your flocks and your herds, as ye have said, and be gone; and bless me also.'

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x3:1
# text = Take both your flocks and your herds, as ye have said, and be gone; and bless me also.'
1	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	flocks	flock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	bless	bless	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
20	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	also	also	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | imperative | you *not said here* | your flocks and your herds |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flock=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · perfect · passive |  | ye |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 3 | **go** | infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V» |
| 4 | **bless** | infinitive | you *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.12.32, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x3:2
# text = (Torah EXO.12.32, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.12.32	EXO.12.32	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rich man had exceeding many flocks and herds; (Prophets 2SA.12.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x4:1
# text = The rich man had exceeding many flocks and herds; (Prophets 2SA.12.2, JPS 1917)
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	exceeding	exceed	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	flocks	flock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
13	2SA.12.2	2SA.12.2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
16	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the rich man | Prophets |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **exceed** | gerund | Prophets *not said here* | many flocks and herds |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot flock=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be thou diligent to know the state of thy flocks, and look well to thy herds; (Writings PRO.27.23, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x5:1
# text = Be thou diligent to know the state of thy flocks, and look well to thy herds; (Writings PRO.27.23, JPS 1917)
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	cop	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
3	diligent	diligent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	flocks	flock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
14	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	advmod	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	compound	_	_
21	PRO.27.23	PRO.27.23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
24	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | infinitive | thou |  |  |  |  | diligent *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **know** | to-infinitive |  | the state of thy flocks |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer state=Stimulus |
| 3 | **look** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | to thy herds; well *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to herd=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moreover he provided him cities, and possessions of flocks and herds in abundance; for God had given him very much substance. (Writings 2CH.32.29, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Moreover he provided him cities, and possessions of flocks and herds in abundance; for God had given him very much substance.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x6:1
# text = Moreover he provided him cities, and possessions of flocks and herds in abundance; for God had given him very much substance.
1	Moreover	moreover	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	provided	provide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	possessions	possession	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	flocks	flock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	abundance	abundance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	iobj	_	_
21	very	very	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	much	much	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **provide** | past | he | cities | him *= he* | abundance |  | possessions of flocks and herds *obl*; moreover *property* | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Precondition he=Beneficiary city=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | past · perfect | he *not said here* | substance | God |  |  | for God | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent he=Theme for god=Asset |
| 3 | **possess** |  |  | flocks and herds |  |  |  |  | nom possession «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings 2CH.32.29, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x6:2
# text = (Writings 2CH.32.29, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2CH.32.29	2CH.32.29	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A herd of elephants walked to the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x7:1
# text = A herd of elephants walked to the river.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | a herd of elephants |  |  |  |  | to the river *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to river=Result |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer herded the cows into the barn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x8:1
# text = The farmer herded the cows into the barn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	herded	herd	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	barn	barn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **herd** | past | the farmer | the cows |  |  |  | into the barn | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent cow=Patient into barn=Co-Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Zebras stay in herds to keep safe from lions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x9:1
# text = Zebras stay in herds to keep safe from lions.
1	Zebras	zebra	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stay	stay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | present | Zebras |  |  | herds |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in herd=Location |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | Zebras *not said here* |  |  |  |  | from lions; safe *property* | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer from lion=Eventuality |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog herded the sheep into the pen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x10:1
# text = The dog herded the sheep into the pen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	herded	herd	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **herd** | past | the dog | the sheep |  |  |  | into the pen | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent sheep=Patient into pen=Co-Patient |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our teacher herded us back to the classroom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x11:1
# text = Our teacher herded us back to the classroom.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	herded	herd	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	classroom	classroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **herd back** | past | Our teacher | us |  |  |  | to the classroom | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent we=Patient to classroom=Co-Patient |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't just follow the herd — think for yourself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x12:1
# text = Don't just follow the herd — think for yourself.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
3	just	just	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	follow	follow	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	—	-	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	think	think	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **follow** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | the herd |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent herd=Theme |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for yourself | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A herd of deer ran across the road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x13:1
# text = A herd of deer ran across the road.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	deer	deer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	across	across	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | a herd of deer |  |  | the road |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across road=Trajectory |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vaccines help build herd immunity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x14:1
# text = Vaccines help build herd immunity.
1	Vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
4	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	immunity	immunity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Vaccines |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **build** | infinitive | Vaccines *not said here* | herd immunity |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset immunity=Product |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Help me to herd them, Akela.”

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:herd:x15:1
# text = Help me to herd them, Akela.”
1	Help	help	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	herd	herd	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Akela	Akela	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | imperative | you *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **herd** | to-infinitive | me *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  | Akela *obl* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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