---
title: hieroglyphic — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hieroglyphic» in the Judaism dictionary: Written in picture signs, as the ancient Egyptians wrote. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hieroglyphic

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ancient Egyptians, linear characters, tomb, Hieroglyphic writing, markings, Its · **What happens:** write, read, be, fuse, accord, do · **To what, where:** picture signs, it, Egyptian liioro fflyphics, hieroglyphic signs, wall, pictures

<!-- .vabout -->
«hieroglyphic» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hieroglyphic in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/hieroglyphic.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Written in picture signs, as the ancient Egyptians wrote.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hieroglyphic:m1:1
# text = Written in picture signs, as the ancient Egyptians wrote.
1	Written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Egyptians	Egyptian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  | picture signs |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in sign=Destination |
| 2 | **write** | past | the ancient Egyptians |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hard to read, like secret picture writing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hieroglyphic:m2:1
# text = Hard to read, like secret picture writing.
1	Hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | like secret picture writing | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The linear characters in Egypt are earlier than the hieroglyphics, though a few of the forms may ultimately have been fused with the latter. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The linear characters in Egypt are earlier than the hieroglyphics, though a few of the forms may ultimately have been fused with the latter.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hieroglyphic:x1:1
# text = The linear characters in Egypt are earlier than the hieroglyphics, though a few of the forms may ultimately have been fused with the latter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	linear	linear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	10	advmod	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hieroglyphics	hieroglyphic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	parataxis	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
18	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
19	ultimately	ultimately	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
20	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	aux	_	_
21	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	fused	fuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the linear characters in Egypt |  |  |  |  | than the hieroglyphics; early *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fuse** | may · perfect · passive | the linear characters in Egypt *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of the forms; with the latter; ultimately *property* | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: with latter=Co-Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hieroglyphic:x1:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Did it spring from the Egyptian liioro- fflyphics, or from the cuneiform systems of the Assyrians, or from the hieroglyphics of the Hittites, or from the Syllabary (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 39 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hieroglyphic:x2:1
# text = Did it spring from the Egyptian liioro- fflyphics, or from the cuneiform systems of the Assyrians, or from the hieroglyphics of the Hittites, or from the Syllabary (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	Did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	Egyptian	Egyptian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
7	liioro	liioro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	_
9	fflyphics	fflyphics	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	cuneiform	cuneiform	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	systems	system	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Assyrians	Assyrian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	hieroglyphics	hieroglyphic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	appos	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	Hittites	Hittite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
29	from	from	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	Syllabary	Syllabary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
32	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nmod	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
40	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	conj	_	_
41	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	43	case	_	_
42	to	to	ADP	IN	_	41	fixed	_	_
43	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
44	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	flat	_	_
45	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	46	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	31	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	46	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past |  | it |  | the Egyptian liioro fflyphics | spring |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |
| 2 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tomb had hieroglyphic signs on the wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hieroglyphic:x3:1
# text = The tomb had hieroglyphic signs on the wall.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tomb	tomb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	hieroglyphic	hieroglyphic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the tomb | hieroglyphic signs |  | the wall |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hieroglyphic writing uses pictures for sounds and ideas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hieroglyphic:x4:1
# text = Hieroglyphic writing uses pictures for sounds and ideas.
1	Hieroglyphic	hieroglyphic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Hieroglyphic writing | pictures |  |  |  | for sounds and ideas | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent picture=Theme for sound=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its markings looked hieroglyphic to me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hieroglyphic:x5:1
# text = Its markings looked hieroglyphic to me.
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	markings	marking	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	hieroglyphic	hieroglyphic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | Its markings | hieroglyphic | me |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme hieroglyphic=Attribute |
| 2 | **mark** |  | Its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom marking «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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