---
title: hitherto — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hitherto» in the Judaism dictionary: Hitherto means until now or until the time being talked about; up to this point. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hitherto

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** thou, LORD, people, Notes, attempt, they · **What happens:** mean, talk about, say, have, send, let · **To what, where:** time, me, wilderness, thou, Notes, it · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hitherto» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hitherto in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/hitherto.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hitherto means until now or until the time being talked about; up to this point.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:m1:1
# text = Hitherto means until now or until the time being talked about; up to this point.
1	Hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
6	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	talked	talk	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
11	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hitherto *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **talk about** | gerund · passive |  | the time |  |  | now |  | vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thou shalt say unto him: The LORD, the God of the Hebrews, hath sent me unto thee, saying: Let My people go, that they may serve Me in the wilderness; and, behold, hitherto thou hast not hearkened; (Torah EXO.7.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 42 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:x1:1
# text = And thou shalt say unto him: The LORD, the God of the Hebrews, hath sent me unto thee, saying: Let My people go, that they may serve Me in the wilderness; and, behold, hitherto thou hast not hearkened; (Torah EXO.7.16, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Hebrews	Hebrew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
18	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
19	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
25	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	ccomp	_	_
26	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
28	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
31	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
32	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	serve	serve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	advcl	_	_
34	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	33	obj	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
41	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
43	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	47	advmod	_	_
44	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	47	nsubj:pass	_	_
45	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	47	aux	_	_
46	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	47	advmod	_	_
47	hearkened	hearken	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
49	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	51	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	51	compound	_	_
51	EXO.7.16	EXO.7.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
53	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	51	conj	_	_
54	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	51	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	51	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | shall | thou |  |  |  |  | unto him *= he* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **send** | past | the LORD | me |  |  |  | unto thee | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | thou *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **let** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **go** | present | My people |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **serve** | may | people | Me |  | the wilderness |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent i=Value in wilderness=Location |
| 8 | **not** **hearken** | present · perfect · passive |  | thou |  |  |  | hitherto *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Notes have been extended, and it is hoped that they explain and illustrate difficult passages, and render this abstruse treatise more comprehensible than it has been hitherto found. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The Notes have been extended, and it is hoped that they explain and illustrate difficult passages, and render this abstruse treatise more comprehensible than it has been hitherto found.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:x2:1
# text = The Notes have been extended, and it is hoped that they explain and illustrate difficult passages, and render this abstruse treatise more comprehensible than it has been hitherto found.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	extended	extend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	hoped	hope	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	explain	explain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	illustrate	illustrate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
16	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	passages	passage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	render	render	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
21	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	23	det	_	_
22	abstruse	abstruse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	treatise	treatise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
24	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	25	advmod	_	_
25	comprehensible	comprehensible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
26	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj:pass	_	_
28	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
29	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	31	aux:pass	_	_
30	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extend** | present · perfect · passive |  | the Notes |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **hope** | present · passive |  | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present | Notes *= note* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **illustrate** | present | Notes *= note* *not said here* | difficult passages |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passage=Destination |
| 5 | **render** | infinitive |  | this abstruse treatise |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent treatise=Theme |
| 6 | **find** | present · perfect · passive |  | treatise |  |  |  | hitherto *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:x2:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But every attempt to unfold this mystery has hitherto been unsuccessful". (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* But every attempt to unfold this mystery has hitherto been unsuccessful".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:x3:1
# text = But every attempt to unfold this mystery has hitherto been unsuccessful".
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	attempt	attempt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	unfold	unfold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	mystery	mystery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
9	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	cop	_	_
11	unsuccessful	unsuccessful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **unfold** | to-infinitive | every attempt *not said here* | this mystery |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent mystery=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present · perfect | every attempt |  |  |  |  | hitherto, unsuccessful *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:x3:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
who hitherto waited in the king's gate eastward; they were the porters for the camp of the children of Levi. (Writings 1CH.9.18, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* who hitherto waited in the king's gate eastward; they were the porters for the camp of the children of Levi.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:x4:1
# text = who hitherto waited in the king's gate eastward; they were the porters for the camp of the children of Levi.
1	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	waited	wait	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	eastward	eastward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	porters	porter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Levi	Levi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | past |  |  |  | the king's gate eastward |  | hitherto *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in eastward=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | past | they | the porters |  |  |  | for the camp of the children of Levi | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings 1CH.9.18, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:x4:2
# text = (Writings 1CH.9.18, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1CH.9.18	1CH.9.18	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Count not thy handmaid for a wicked woman: for out of the abundance of my complaint and my vexation have I spoken hitherto.' (Prophets 1SA.1.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Count not thy handmaid for a wicked woman: for out of the abundance of my complaint and my vexation have I spoken hitherto.'

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:x5:1
# text = Count not thy handmaid for a wicked woman: for out of the abundance of my complaint and my vexation have I spoken hitherto.'
1	Count	count	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	1	advmod	_	_
3	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	handmaid	handmaid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	abundance	abundance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	complaint	complaint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	vexation	vexation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
21	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	parataxis	_	_
24	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **count** | imperative | you *not said here* | thy handmaid |  |  |  | for a wicked woman | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent handmaid=Theme |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · perfect · passive |  | the abundance of my complaint and my vexation |  |  |  | hitherto *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **complain** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom complaint «state intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 4 | **vex** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom vexation «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 1SA.1.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:x5:2
# text = (Prophets 1SA.1.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1SA.1.16	1SA.1.16	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then Samuel took a stone, and set it between Mizpah and Shen, and called the name of it Eben-ezer, saying: 'Hitherto hath the LORD helped us.' (Prophets 1SA.7.12, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Then Samuel took a stone, and set it between Mizpah and Shen, and called the name of it Eben-ezer, saying: 'Hitherto hath the LORD helped us.'

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:x6:1
# text = Then Samuel took a stone, and set it between Mizpah and Shen, and called the name of it Eben-ezer, saying: 'Hitherto hath the LORD helped us.'
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	Samuel	Samuel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	between	between	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Mizpah	Mizpah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	Shen	Shen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nmod	_	_
21	Eben	Eben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	ezer	ezer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
27	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	Hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
32	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	ccomp	_	_
33	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	32	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Samuel | a stone |  |  | then |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme |
| 2 | **set** | infinitive | Samuel *not said here* | stone |  |  |  | between Mizpah and Shen | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme between mizpah=Destination |
| 3 | **call** | past | Samuel *not said here* | the name |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Recipient |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Samuel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **have** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hitherto *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **help** | past | the LORD |  | us |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 1SA.7.12, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:x6:2
# text = (Prophets 1SA.7.12, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1SA.7.12	1SA.7.12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scientists found a hitherto unknown kind of beetle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:x7:1
# text = The scientists found a hitherto unknown kind of beetle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	unknown	unknown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	beetle	beetle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | the scientists | a unknown kind of beetle |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hitherto, the village had never had a flood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:x8:1
# text = Hitherto, the village had never had a flood.
1	Hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **have** | past · perfect | the village | a flood |  |  |  | hitherto *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flood=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The letter showed a hitherto hidden side of the king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:x9:1
# text = The letter showed a hitherto hidden side of the king.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	hidden	hidden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the letter | a hidden side of the king |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent side=Recipient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hitherto, all the tests had come back clear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:x10:1
# text = Hitherto, all the tests had come back clear.
1	Hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	5	det:predet	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tests	test	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	back	back	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come back** | past · perfect | all tests |  |  |  |  | clear, hitherto *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The explorers reached a hitherto unseen valley.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:x11:1
# text = The explorers reached a hitherto unseen valley.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	explorers	explorer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	unseen	unseen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past | the explorers | a unseen valley |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent valley=Theme |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum displays paintings hitherto kept in storage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:x12:1
# text = The museum displays paintings hitherto kept in storage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	displays	display	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	paintings	painting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	storage	storage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **display** | present | the museum | paintings |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent painting=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | participle | the museum *not said here* |  |  | storage |  | hitherto *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in storage=Location |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hitherto he had been a land crab; the land at last cast him adrift.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:hitherto:x13:1
# text = Hitherto he had been a land crab; the land at last cast him adrift.
1	Hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	crab	crab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	nmod	_	_
13	cast	cast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	adrift	adrift	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past · perfect | he | a land crab |  |  |  | hitherto *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cast** | past | a land crab | him *= he* |  |  |  | adrift *property* | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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