---
title: idleness — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «idleness» in the Judaism dictionary: Idleness is being lazy and not working or doing anything useful. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# idleness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Idleness, rafters, She, grasshopper, ants, factory machines · **What happens:** be, not work, do, not be, sink in, leak · **To what, where:** anything, use, idleness, bread, homework, mischief · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«idleness» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [idleness in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/idleness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Idleness is being lazy and not working or doing anything useful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:idleness:m1:1
# text = Idleness is being lazy and not working or doing anything useful.
1	Idleness	idleness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	lazy	lazy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
10	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	_
11	useful	useful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Idleness |  |  |  |  | lazy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **work** | gerund | Idleness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **do** | gerund | Idleness *not said here* | anything |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Idleness is also simply not being in use or not busy: a machine's idleness.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:idleness:m2:1
# text = Idleness is also simply not being in use or not busy: a machine's idleness.
1	Idleness	idleness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
4	simply	simply	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	busy	busy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	idleness	idleness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | Idleness |  |  | use and a machine's idleness |  | simply *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **be** |  | Idleness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By slothfulness the rafters sink in; and through idleness of the hands the house leaketh. (Writings ECC.10.18, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* By slothfulness the rafters sink in; and through idleness of the hands the house leaketh.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:idleness:x1:1
# text = By slothfulness the rafters sink in; and through idleness of the hands the house leaketh.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	slothfulness	slothfulness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rafters	rafter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sink	sink	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
9	through	through	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	idleness	idleness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	iobj	_	_
16	leaketh	leak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink in** | present | the rafters |  |  |  |  | by slothfulness | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **leak** | present | the rafters *not said here* |  |  | idleness of the hands |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through idleness=Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings ECC.10.18, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:idleness:x1:2
# text = (Writings ECC.10.18, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ECC.10.18	ECC.10.18	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not the bread of idleness. (Writings PRO.31.27, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not the bread of idleness.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:idleness:x2:1
# text = She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not the bread of idleness.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looketh	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	household	household	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	eateth	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	idleness	idleness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | She |  |  |  |  | to the ways of her household; well *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to way=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **eat** | present | She *not said here* | the bread of idleness |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bread=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.31.27, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:idleness:x2:2
# text = (Writings PRO.31.27, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.31.27	PRO.31.27	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The grasshopper spent the summer in idleness while the ants worked.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:idleness:x3:1
# text = The grasshopper spent the summer in idleness while the ants worked.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	grasshopper	grasshopper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	idleness	idleness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | past | the grasshopper |  |  | idleness | summer |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **work** | past | the ants |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His idleness meant his homework never got done.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:idleness:x4:1
# text = His idleness meant his homework never got done.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	idleness	idleness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	done	done	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | His idleness | idleness's homework |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent homework=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **get** | past | His idleness *not said here* |  |  |  |  | done *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After weeks of idleness, the factory machines were rusty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:idleness:x5:1
# text = After weeks of idleness, the factory machines were rusty.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	idleness	idleness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	rusty	rusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the factory machines |  |  |  | week | rusty *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A little idleness on a holiday can be nice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:idleness:x6:1
# text = A little idleness on a holiday can be nice.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	idleness	idleness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	nice	nice	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | a little idleness on a holiday |  |  |  |  | nice *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Idle hands make mischief,» Grandma says.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:idleness:x7:1
# text = «Idle hands make mischief,» Grandma says.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Idle	idle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
5	mischief	mischief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
8	Grandma	Grandma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** *in a quote* | present | Idle hands | mischief |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mischief=Product |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Grandma |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Idleness made the long afternoon feel boring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:idleness:x8:1
# text = Idleness made the long afternoon feel boring.
1	Idleness	idleness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
7	boring	boring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Idleness |  |  |  | afternoon |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | infinitive | Idleness *not said here* |  |  |  |  | boring *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Idleness is a great sin, and I certainly don’t like any of my friends to be idle or sluggish.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:idleness:x9:1
# text = Idleness is a great sin, and I certainly don’t like any of my friends to be idle or sluggish.
1	Idleness	idleness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	n’t	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
18	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	cop	_	_
19	idle	idle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	acl	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	sluggish	sluggish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Idleness | a great sin |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **do** | present | I |  |  |  |  | like any; certainly *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | idle *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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