---
title: improve — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «improve» in the Judaism dictionary: To make something better (improve your handwriting). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# improve

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** your, her, you, we, our, She · **What happens:** make, improve, handwrite, get, read, improve on · **To what, where:** something, handwriting, reading, Grundriss Geschichte, story, more adjectives

<!-- .vabout -->
«improve» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [improve in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/improve.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make something better (improve your handwriting).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:improve:m1:1
# text = To make something better (improve your handwriting).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	improve	improve	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	handwriting	handwriting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | good *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |
| 2 | **improve** | infinitive |  | your handwriting |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent handwriting=Patient |
| 3 | **handwrite** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom handwriting «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To get better (her reading improved).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:improve:m2:1
# text = To get better (her reading improved).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	improved	improve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | to-infinitive |  | her reading |  |  |  | good *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer reading=Stimulus |
| 2 | **improve** | participle |  | her reading *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **read** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom reading «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Improve on: to do better than before.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:improve:m3:1
# text = Improve on: to do better than before.
1	Improve	improve	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	1	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
6	better	well	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	before	before	ADV	RB	_	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improve on** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tenneman's "Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie," improved by Prof. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Tenneman's "Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie," improved by Prof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:improve:x1:1
# text = Tenneman's "Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie," improved by Prof.
1	Tenneman	Tenneman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Grundriss	Grundriss	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
5	der	d	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	conj	_	_
6	Geschichte	Geschichte	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	der	d	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
8	Philosophie	Philosophie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
11	improved	improve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Prof	Prof	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improve** | participle |  | Tenneman's Grundriss Geschichte *not said here* |  |  |  | by Prof | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:improve:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can improve your story by adding more adjectives.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:improve:x2:1
# text = You can improve your story by adding more adjectives.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	improve	improve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	adding	add	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	adjectives	adjective	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improve** | can | You | your story |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent story=Patient |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund | You *not said here* | more adjectives |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent adjective=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My times tables have really improved this term.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:improve:x3:1
# text = My times tables have really improved this term.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	compound	_	_
3	tables	table	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	really	really	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	improved	improve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improve** | present · perfect · passive |  | times tables |  |  |  | this term *obl:unmarked* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How could we improve our experiment?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:improve:x4:1
# text = How could we improve our experiment?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	improve	improve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	experiment	experiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improve** | could | we | our experiment |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent experiment=Patient |
| 2 | **experiment** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom experiment «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The weather improved in the afternoon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:improve:x5:1
# text = The weather improved in the afternoon.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	improved	improve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improve** | participle |  | the weather *not said here* |  |  | afternoon |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Practise every day to improve your swimming.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:improve:x6:1
# text = Practise every day to improve your swimming.
1	Practise	practise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	improve	improve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improve** | to-infinitive |  | your swimming |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent swimming=Patient |
| 2 | **swim** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom swimming «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She improved on her best time by two seconds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:improve:x7:1
# text = She improved on her best time by two seconds.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	improved	improve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improve** | past | She |  |  |  | second; time |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eating well can improve how you feel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:improve:x8:1
# text = Eating well can improve how you feel.
1	Eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	1	advmod	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	improve	improve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **improve** | can | Eating |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **feel** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Travel improves the mind wonderfully, and does away with all one’s prejudices.”

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:improve:x9:1
# text = Travel improves the mind wonderfully, and does away with all one’s prejudices.”
1	Travel	travel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	improves	improve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	wonderfully	wonderfully	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	away	away	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
12	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	’s	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	prejudices	prejudice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improve** | present | Travel | the mind |  |  |  | wonderfully *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent mind=Patient |
| 2 | **do away** | present | Travel *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with all one's prejudices; away *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **prejudice** |  | all one |  |  |  |  |  | nom prejudice «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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