---
title: incite — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «incite» in the Judaism dictionary: To stir up or encourage people to do something bad or violent, or to feel angry. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# incite

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** people, crime, He, them, evil, Gaal · **What happens:** stir up, encourage, do, feel, urge, commit · **To what, where:** people, something, someone, crime, death, them · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«incite» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [incite in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/incite.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stir up or encourage people to do something bad or violent, or to feel angry.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:incite:m1:1
# text = To stir up or encourage people to do something bad or violent, or to feel angry.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stir	stir	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	encourage	encourage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	_
10	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	violent	violent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	feel	feel	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stir up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **encourage** | infinitive |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP how S\_INF»: agent=Agent people=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 4 | **feel** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | angry *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To urge someone to commit a crime, which can itself be a crime.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:incite:m2:1
# text = To urge someone to commit a crime, which can itself be a crime.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	urge	urge	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	commit	commit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
11	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	14	nsubj	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **urge** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **commit** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | a crime and a crime |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crime=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | can | a crime and a crime | a crime |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
May He incite death against them, let them go down alive into the nether-world; for evil is in their dwelling, and within them. (Writings PSA.55.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* May He incite death against them, let them go down alive into the nether-world; for evil is in their dwelling, and within them.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:incite:x1:1
# text = May He incite death against them, let them go down alive into the nether-world; for evil is in their dwelling, and within them.
1	May	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	incite	incite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	down	down	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	nether	nether	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
20	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	within	within	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **incite** | may | He | death |  |  |  | against them *= they* | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition death=Patient |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive | He *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go down** | infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | alive *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **is** | present | evil |  |  |  |  | for their dwelling | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.55.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:incite:x1:2
# text = (Writings PSA.55.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.55.16	PSA.55.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he sent messengers unto Abimelech in Tormah, saying: 'Behold, Gaal the son of Ebed and his brethren are come to Shechem; and, behold, they will incite the city against thee. (Prophets JDG.9.31, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he sent messengers unto Abimelech in Tormah, saying: 'Behold, Gaal the son of Ebed and his brethren are come to Shechem; and, behold, they will incite the city against thee.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:incite:x2:1
# text = And he sent messengers unto Abimelech in Tormah, saying: 'Behold, Gaal the son of Ebed and his brethren are come to Shechem; and, behold, they will incite the city against thee.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Abimelech	Abimelech	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Tormah	Tormah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	15	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Gaal	Gaal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Ebed	Ebed	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	brethren	brethren	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
23	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Shechem	Shechem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
30	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	34	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
32	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
33	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
34	incite	incite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
37	against	against	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | he | messengers |  |  |  | unto Abimelech in Tormah | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent messenger=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **come** | present · passive |  | Gaal and Ebed's brethren | Shechem |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **incite** | future | Gaal | the city |  |  |  | against thee | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition city=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JDG.9.31, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:incite:x2:2
# text = (Prophets JDG.9.31, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JDG.9.31	JDG.9.31	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The man was arrested for inciting a riot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:incite:x3:1
# text = The man was arrested for inciting a riot.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	arrested	arrest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	inciting	incite	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	riot	riot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrest** | past · passive |  | the man |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **incite** | gerund |  | a riot |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition riot=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Posting hateful messages can incite violence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:incite:x4:1
# text = Posting hateful messages can incite violence.
1	Posting	post	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	csubj	_	_
2	hateful	hateful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	messages	message	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	incite	incite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	violence	violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **post** | gerund |  | hateful messages |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme |
| 2 | **incite** | can | Posting | violence |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition violence=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The villain incited the crowd to storm the castle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:incite:x5:1
# text = The villain incited the crowd to storm the castle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	incited	incite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	storm	storm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **incite** | past | the villain | the crowd |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition crowd=Patient |
| 2 | **storm** | to-infinitive | the villain *not said here* | the castle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Words can incite hatred, so choose them with care.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:incite:x6:1
# text = Words can incite hatred, so choose them with care.
1	Words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	incite	incite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	hatred	hatred	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	choose	choose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **incite** | can | Words | hatred |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition hatred=Patient |
| 2 | **choose** | infinitive | Words *not said here* | Words *= word* |  |  |  | with care | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He incited his friends to break the rules.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:incite:x7:1
# text = He incited his friends to break the rules.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	incited	incite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **incite** | past | He | his friends |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition friend=Patient |
| 2 | **break** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | the rules |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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