---
title: informing — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «informing» in the Judaism dictionary: Informing is the -ing form of «inform», which means to tell someone facts or news, especially officially. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# informing

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ing form, someone facts, Informing, police, you, people · **What happens:** inform, be, mean, tell, do, maintain · **To what, where:** ing form, someone, police, attribution, file, people · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«informing» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [informing in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/informing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Informing is the -ing form of «inform», which means to tell someone facts or news, especially officially.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:informing:m1:1
# text = Informing is the -ing form of «inform», which means to tell someone facts or news, especially officially.
1	Informing	inform	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ing	ing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	inform	inform	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	17	compound	_	_
17	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	officially	officially	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inform** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the ing form |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **inform** *speech: other* *in a quote* | infinitive | the ing form *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **mean** | present | the ing form |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | someone facts or news |  |  |  |  | officially *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Informing on someone (or informing against someone) means telling the police or someone in charge about something wrong that they did.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:informing:m2:1
# text = Informing on someone (or informing against someone) means telling the police or someone in charge about something wrong that they did.
1	Informing	inform	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	csubj	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obl	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	informing	inform	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
7	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	xcomp	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	iobj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	about	about	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	17	nmod	_	_
20	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inform** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  | someone |  |  | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **inform** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | against someone | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mean** | present | Informing |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | gerund | Informing *not said here* |  | the police |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent police=Recipient |
| 5 | **do** | past | police |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
+ Maintain attribution The Google "watermark" you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* + Maintain attribution The Google "watermark" you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:informing:x1:1
# text = + Maintain attribution The Google "watermark" you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search.
1	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	2	cc	_	_
2	Maintain	maintain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	attribution	attribution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Google	Google	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	watermark	watermark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	file	file	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	essential	essential	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	ccomp	_	_
16	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	informing	inform	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
18	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
19	about	about	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
21	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	helping	help	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	conj	_	_
24	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
26	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	materials	material	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
28	through	through	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	Google	Google	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	Book	Book	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	Search	Search	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **maintain** | imperative | you *not said here* | attribution |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent attribution=Theme google=Attribute |
| 2 | **see** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  | each file |  | essential *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **inform** *speech: other* | gerund | people |  |  |  |  | about this project | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **help** | gerund | people *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 6 | **find** | infinitive | people *not said here* | additional materials |  | Book Search |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent material=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:informing:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We are informing parents about the school trip by letter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:informing:x2:1
# text = We are informing parents about the school trip by letter.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	informing	inform	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inform** *speech: other* | present · progressive | We |  | parents |  |  | about the school trip by letter | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent parent=Recipient |
| 2 | **trip** |  | letter |  |  |  |  |  | nom trip «act transitive»: by=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thank you for informing us of the change.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:informing:x3:1
# text = Thank you for informing us of the change.
1	Thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	informing	inform	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present |  |  | you |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
| 2 | **inform** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  | us |  |  | of the change | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient PP.topic»: agent=Agent we=Recipient of change=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pilot was informing passengers about the delay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:informing:x4:1
# text = The pilot was informing passengers about the delay.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pilot	pilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	informing	inform	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	passengers	passenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	delay	delay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inform** *speech: other* | past · progressive | the pilot |  | passengers |  |  | about the delay | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent passenger=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Informing a teacher about bullying is the right thing to do.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:informing:x5:1
# text = Informing a teacher about bullying is the right thing to do.
1	Informing	inform	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	bullying	bullying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inform** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  | a teacher |  |  | about bullying | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Informing | the right thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was accused of informing on his friends to the police.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:informing:x6:1
# text = He was accused of informing on his friends to the police.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	informing	inform	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | past · passive |  | He |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **inform** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | on his friends; to the police | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sign is informing drivers that the road is closed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:informing:x7:1
# text = The sign is informing drivers that the road is closed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	informing	inform	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	drivers	driver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inform** *speech: other* | present · progressive | the sign |  | drivers |  |  |  | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent driver=Recipient |
| 2 | **close** | present · passive |  | the road |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep me informed about your plans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:informing:x8:1
# text = Keep me informed about your plans.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	informed	informed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	plans	plan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | me |  |  |  | informed *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 2 | **plan** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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