---
title: innocence — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «innocence» in the Judaism dictionary: Innocence is the state of not being guilty of a crime or wrongdoing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# innocence

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Innocence, man, you, puppy, war, She · **What happens:** be, not be, mean, not know, trust, prove · **To what, where:** state, life, innocence, court, UK, shoe

<!-- .vabout -->
«innocence» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [innocence in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/innocence.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Innocence is the state of not being guilty of a crime or wrongdoing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:innocence:m1:1
# text = Innocence is the state of not being guilty of a crime or wrongdoing.
1	Innocence	innocence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
8	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Innocence | the state |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of a crime or wrongdoing; guilty *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Innocence also means not knowing about bad or unpleasant things in life, especially as a young child.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:innocence:m2:1
# text = Innocence also means not knowing about bad or unpleasant things in life, especially as a young child.
1	Innocence	innocence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	knowing	know	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	unpleasant	unpleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Innocence |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **know** | gerund | Innocence *not said here* |  |  | life |  | about bad things; as a young child | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about thing=Stimulus |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Innocence can mean being simple and trusting, sometimes too trusting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:innocence:m3:1
# text = Innocence can mean being simple and trusting, sometimes too trusting.
1	Innocence	innocence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
5	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	trusting	trust	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	11	advmod	_	_
10	too	too	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	trusting	trust	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Innocence |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *not said to happen* | gerund | Innocence *not said here* |  |  |  |  | simple *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **trust** | gerund | Innocence *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **trust** | gerund | Innocence *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The man proved his innocence in court.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:innocence:x1:1
# text = The man proved his innocence in court.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	proved	prove	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	innocence	innocence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prove** | past | the man | man's innocence |  | court |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent innocence=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the UK, you are innocent until proven guilty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:innocence:x2:1
# text = In the UK, you are innocent until proven guilty.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	innocent	innocent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	proven	prove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	advcl	_	_
10	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | you |  |  | the UK |  | innocent *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **prove** | participle | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy looked up with innocence after chewing the shoe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:innocence:x3:1
# text = The puppy looked up with innocence after chewing the shoe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	innocence	innocence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	chewing	chew	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look up** | past | the puppy |  |  |  |  | with innocence | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **chew** | gerund | the puppy *not said here* | the shoe |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The war took away the children's innocence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:innocence:x4:1
# text = The war took away the children's innocence.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	away	away	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	innocence	innocence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take away** | past | the war | the children's innocence |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent innocence=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She asked the question in all innocence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:innocence:x5:1
# text = She asked the question in all innocence.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	innocence	innocence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | She | the question |  | all innocence |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent question=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lawyer fought to show his client's innocence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:innocence:x6:1
# text = The lawyer fought to show his client's innocence.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lawyer	lawyer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	client	client	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	innocence	innocence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | the lawyer |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive | the lawyer *not said here* | lawyer's client's innocence |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent innocence=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Therefore they demanded seven days in which to prove their innocence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:innocence:x7:1
# text = Therefore they demanded seven days in which to prove their innocence.
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	demanded	demand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	prove	prove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	innocence	innocence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **demand** *speech: request* | past | they |  |  |  | day | therefore *property* | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme which=Precondition |
| 2 | **prove** | to-infinitive | they *not said here* | their innocence |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent innocence=Theme |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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