---
title: internal — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «internal» in the Judaism dictionary: Inside something, especially inside the body, a building or a country. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# internal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** heart, internal angles, school, you, injuries, company · **What happens:** happen, interpret, be, add up, have, close · **To what, where:** internal exam, internal structure, internal organs, internal doors, heat, internal meeting

<!-- .vabout -->
«internal» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [internal in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/internal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Inside something, especially inside the body, a building or a country.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:internal:m1:1
# text = Inside something, especially inside the body, a building or a country.
1	Inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Happening within a group or organisation, not with outsiders, as in «an internal exam».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:internal:m2:1
# text = Happening within a group or organisation, not with outsiders, as in «an internal exam».
1	Happening	happen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	within	within	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	organisation	organisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	outsiders	outsider	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	internal	internal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | gerund |  |  |  | a internal exam |  | within a group or organisation and outsiders | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in exam=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I base it off an interpretation of the SY’s internal structure, the semantic properties of the root ספ״ר SPR, and the SY’s general grammatical inventiveness. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I base it off an interpretation of the SY’s internal structure, the semantic properties of the root ספ״ר SPR, and the SY’s general grammatical inventiveness.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:internal:x1:1
# text = I base it off an interpretation of the SY’s internal structure, the semantic properties of the root ספ״ר SPR, and the SY’s general grammatical inventiveness.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	base	base	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	SY	SY	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	’s	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	internal	internal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	structure	structure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	semantic	semantic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	properties	property	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	ספ	ספ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	״	״	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	ר	ר	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	SPR	SPR	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	SY	SY	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	’s	's	PART	POS	_	27	case	_	_
29	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
30	grammatical	grammatical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	inventiveness	inventiveness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **interpret** |  |  | the SY's internal structure  the semantic properties of the root ספ ר SPR |  |  |  |  | nom interpretation «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:internal:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The heart and lungs are internal organs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:internal:x2:1
# text = The heart and lungs are internal organs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	internal	internal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	organs	organ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the heart and lungs | internal organs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The internal angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:internal:x3:1
# text = The internal angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	internal	internal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	angles	angle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	triangle	triangle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	add	add	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	180	180	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add up** *speech: assert* | present | the internal angles of a triangle |  |  |  |  | to 180 degrees | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to degree=Co-Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school has an internal exam before the real one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:internal:x4:1
# text = Our school has an internal exam before the real one.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	internal	internal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our school | a internal exam |  |  | before the real one |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exam=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Close the internal doors to keep heat in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:internal:x5:1
# text = Close the internal doors to keep heat in.
1	Close	close	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	internal	internal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	doors	door	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | imperative | you *not said here* | the internal doors |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Patient |
| 2 | **keep in** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | heat |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some injuries are internal and can't be seen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:internal:x6:1
# text = Some injuries are internal and can't be seen.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	injuries	injury	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	internal	internal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some injuries |  |  |  |  | internal *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **see** | can · passive | some injuries *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V» |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The company had an internal meeting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:internal:x7:1
# text = The company had an internal meeting.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	internal	internal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	meeting	meeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the company | a internal meeting |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meeting=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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