---
title: intransitive — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «intransitive» in the Judaism dictionary: An intransitive verb is one that does not take an object, such as "lie down" or "sleep". Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# intransitive

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** intransitive verb, object, first, שכובה, shakhav · **What happens:** be, not take, lie down, lie, look, make · **To what, where:** one, שָׁכַב shakhav, intransitive verb

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«intransitive» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 1 example, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [intransitive in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/intransitive.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An intransitive verb is one that does not take an object, such as "lie down" or "sleep".

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:intransitive:m1:1
# text = An intransitive verb is one that does not take an object, such as "lie down" or "sleep".
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	intransitive	intransitive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obj	_	_
7	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	16	mark	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	lie	lie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
17	down	down	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a intransitive verb | one or sleep |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **take** | present · do-support |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme |
| 3 | **lie down** *in a quote* | infinitive | a object |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The first is clearly the root שָׁכַב shakhav ‘to lie, lie down’, but שכובה looks like a passive participle, shekhuvah, while shakhav is normally an intransitive verb not amenable to being made passive. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The first is clearly the root שָׁכַב shakhav ‘to lie, lie down’, but שכובה looks like a passive participle, shekhuvah, while shakhav is normally an intransitive verb not amenable to being made passive.

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:intransitive:x1:1
# text = The first is clearly the root שָׁכַב shakhav ‘to lie, lie down’, but שכובה looks like a passive participle, shekhuvah, while shakhav is normally an intransitive verb not amenable to being made passive.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	שָׁכַב	שָׁכַב	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	shakhav	shakhav	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	lie	lie	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	lie	lie	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
14	down	down	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	שכובה	שכובה	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
20	like	like	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	passive	passive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	participle	participle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	shekhuvah	shekhuvah	INTJ	UH	_	19	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
27	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
28	shakhav	shakhav	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
29	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
30	normally	normally	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
31	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	intransitive	intransitive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
34	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	35	advmod	_	_
35	amenable	amenable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
36	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
37	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	38	aux:pass	_	_
38	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	advcl	_	_
39	passive	passive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the first | the שָׁכַב shakhav |  |  |  | clearly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lie** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **lie down** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **look** | present | שכובה |  |  |  |  | like a passive participle | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 5 | **is a** | present | shakhav | a intransitive verb |  |  |  | normally *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **make** | gerund · passive | shakhav *not said here* |  |  |  |  | passive *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP» |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:intransitive:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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