---
title: ir — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ir» in the Judaism dictionary: «Ir-» is a prefix meaning «not», used before words beginning with «r», as in irregular (not regular), irresponsible (not responsible) and irrelevant (not relevant). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ir

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ir, prefix, words, we, heat, Balak · **What happens:** be, not mean, use, begin, not see, feel · **To what, where:** prefix, short form, remote controls, TV, chemical symbol, our · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ir» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ir in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/ir.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Ir-» is a prefix meaning «not», used before words beginning with «r», as in irregular (not regular), irresponsible (not responsible) and irrelevant (not relevant).

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ir:m1:1
# text = «Ir-» is a prefix meaning «not», used before words beginning with «r», as in irregular (not regular), irresponsible (not responsible) and irrelevant (not relevant).
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ir	ir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	prefix	prefix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
14	before	before	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
16	beginning	begin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	acl	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	r	r	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	irregular	irregular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	parataxis	_	_
25	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	27	advmod	_	_
27	regular	regular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	irresponsible	irresponsible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	nsubj	_	_
31	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	33	advmod	_	_
33	responsible	responsible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	33	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	irrelevant	irrelevant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	conj	_	_
37	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	39	advmod	_	_
39	relevant	relevant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ir | a prefix |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **mean** | gerund | a prefix *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  | before words |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **begin** | gerund | words *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with r | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with r=Subeventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«IR» is a short form for infrared, light just beyond red that we cannot see but feel as heat, used in TV remote controls.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ir:m2:1
# text = «IR» is a short form for infrared, light just beyond red that we cannot see but feel as heat, used in TV remote controls.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	IR	ir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	infrared	infrared	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	just	just	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	acl	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
20	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	conj	_	_
22	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
28	remote	remote	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	controls	control	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | IR | a short form and light |  |  |  | for infrared | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **see** | can | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **feel** | infinitive | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as heat | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V S»: agent=Agent as heat=Theme |
| 4 | **use** | participle | heat *not said here* | remote controls |  | TV |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent control=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Ir» is the chemical symbol for the element iridium.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ir:m3:1
# text = «Ir» is the chemical symbol for the element iridium.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ir	ir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	symbol	symbol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	element	element	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	iridium	iridium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ir | the chemical symbol |  |  |  | for the element iridium | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Irish, Scots, slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In some written dialect, «ir» may stand for «our» or «are».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ir:m4:1
# text = In some written dialect, «ir» may stand for «our» or «are».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
3	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	ir	ir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stand** | may | ir | our |  | some written dialect |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent our=Theme in dialect=Destination |
| 3 | **be** *in a quote* | present | ir *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and Rehoboth-ir, and Calah, (Torah GEN.10.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ir:x1:1
# text = Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and Rehoboth-ir, and Calah, (Torah GEN.10.11, JPS 1917)
1	Out	out	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	Asshur	Asshur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	builded	builde	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
11	Nineveh	Nineveh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	Rehoboth	Rehoboth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	ir	ir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	Calah	Calah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	GEN.10.11	GEN.10.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	_
26	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	25	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	25	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past |  | Asshur |  | that land |  | forth *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme out land=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **builde** | participle |  | Nineveh |  |  |  | Rehoboth ir *obl*; Calah and Torah GEN.10.11 *obl* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when Balak heard that Balaam was come, he went out to meet him unto Ir-moab, which is on the border of Arnon, which is in the utmost part of the border. (Torah NUM.22.36, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And when Balak heard that Balaam was come, he went out to meet him unto Ir-moab, which is on the border of Arnon, which is in the utmost part of the border.

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ir:x2:1
# text = And when Balak heard that Balaam was come, he went out to meet him unto Ir-moab, which is on the border of Arnon, which is in the utmost part of the border.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
3	Balak	Balak	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	Balaam	Balaam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	out	out	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	meet	meet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	Ir	Ir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	moab	moab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
23	on	on	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Arnon	Arnon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
29	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	nsubj	_	_
30	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	utmost	utmost	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	acl:relcl	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Balak |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **come** | past · passive |  | Balaam |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **go out** | past | Balaam |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **meet** | to-infinitive | Balaam *not said here* | Balaam |  |  |  | unto Ir moab | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Co-Agent |
| 5 | **is** | present | Ir moab |  |  | the border |  | of Arnon | tree rules |
| 6 | **is** | present | the border |  |  | the utmost part |  | of the border | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.22.36, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ir:x2:2
# text = (Torah NUM.22.36, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.22.36	NUM.22.36	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the border of their inheritance was Zorah, and Eshtaol, and Ir-shemesh; (Prophets JOS.19.41, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ir:x3:1
# text = And the border of their inheritance was Zorah, and Eshtaol, and Ir-shemesh; (Prophets JOS.19.41, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	inheritance	inheritance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	Zorah	Zorah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	Eshtaol	Eshtaol	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	Ir	Ir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	shemesh	shemesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	appos	_	_
20	JOS.19.41	JOS.19.41	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	flat	_	_
23	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the border of their inheritance | Zorah and Eshtaol |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **inherit** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom inheritance «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Eshton begot Beth-rapha, and Paseah, and Tehinnah the father of Ir-nahash. (Writings 1CH.4.12, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Eshton begot Beth-rapha, and Paseah, and Tehinnah the father of Ir-nahash.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ir:x4:1
# text = And Eshton begot Beth-rapha, and Paseah, and Tehinnah the father of Ir-nahash.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Eshton	Eshton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	begot	beget	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Beth	Beth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	rapha	rapha	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Paseah	Paseah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	Tehinnah	Tehinnah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	Ir	Ir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	nahash	nahash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beget** | past | Eshton | Beth rapha |  |  |  | Paseah and Tehinnah *obl* | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rapha=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings 1CH.4.12, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ir:x4:2
# text = (Writings 1CH.4.12, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1CH.4.12	1CH.4.12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shuppim also, and Huppim, the sons of Ir, Hushim, the son of another. (Writings 1CH.7.12, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Shuppim also, and Huppim, the sons of Ir, Hushim, the son of another.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ir:x5:1
# text = Shuppim also, and Huppim, the sons of Ir, Hushim, the son of another.
1	Shuppim	Shuppim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	Huppim	Huppim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Ir	Ir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Hushim	Hushim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings 1CH.7.12, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ir:x5:2
# text = (Writings 1CH.7.12, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1CH.7.12	1CH.7.12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Irregular» means «not regular»; the «ir-» means not.

<!-- fold The tree, 8 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ir:x6:1
# text = «Irregular» means «not regular»; the «ir-» means not.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Irregular	Irregular	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	regular	regular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	ir	ir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
15	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Irregular |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **mean** | present | the ir |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The TV remote sends an IR signal to the television.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ir:x7:1
# text = The TV remote sends an IR signal to the television.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	remote	remote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sends	send	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	IR	ir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	signal	signal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	television	television	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | present | the TV remote | a IR signal |  | the television |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent signal=Theme to television=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An IR camera can show warm animals at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ir:x8:1
# text = An IR camera can show warm animals at night.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	IR	ir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | can | a IR camera |  | warm animals |  | night |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent animal=Recipient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Add «ir-» to «responsible» to make «irresponsible».

<!-- fold The tree, 7 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ir:x9:1
# text = Add «ir-» to «responsible» to make «irresponsible».
1	Add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	ir	ir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	responsible	responsible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	irresponsible	irresponsible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | ir |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | irresponsible *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Ir» is the symbol for iridium on the periodic table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ir:x10:1
# text = «Ir» is the symbol for iridium on the periodic table.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ir	ir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	symbol	symbol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	iridium	iridium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	periodic	periodic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ir | the symbol |  |  |  | for iridium on the periodic table | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Irrelevant means not connected to the topic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ir:x11:1
# text = Irrelevant means not connected to the topic.
1	Irrelevant	irrelevant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	connected	connect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	topic	topic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Irrelevant |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **connect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to the topic | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient to topic=Co-Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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- ↑ back to [I in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/I/)