---
title: isn — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «isn» in the Judaism dictionary: Not a full word: «isn» is the first part of the short form «isn't», which means «is not». Written alone it appears only when the apostrophe and «t» are cut off. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# isn

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** isn, first part, it, This, answer, She · **What happens:** be, not mean, write, appear, cut off, grave · **To what, where:** first part, apostrophe, nna ni2isn hpa, mDipD, moutli, coat

<!-- .vabout -->
«isn» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [isn in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/isn.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not a full word: «isn» is the first part of the short form «isn't», which means «is not». Written alone it appears only when the apostrophe and «t» are cut off.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Not a full word: «isn» is the first part of the short form «isn't», which means «is not».

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:isn:m1:1
# text = Not a full word: «isn» is the first part of the short form «isn't», which means «is not».
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	isn	isn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	12	amod	_	_
12	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
24	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | isn | the first part |  |  |  | of the short form | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **mean** | present | the first part |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Written alone it appears only when the apostrophe and «t» are cut off.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:isn:m1:2
# text = Written alone it appears only when the apostrophe and «t» are cut off.
1	Written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
2	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	appears	appear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	14	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	apostrophe	apostrophe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	t	t	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
15	off	off	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **appear** | present | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cut off** | present · passive |  | the apostrophe and t |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
nB3 mynp nna ni2isn hpa graved by the voice, hewn out :mDipD nti-ens in the air, and fixed in the moutli in five places. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* nB3 mynp nna ni2isn hpa graved by the voice, hewn out :mDipD nti-ens in the air, and fixed in the moutli in five places.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:isn:x1:1
# text = nB3 mynp nna ni2isn hpa graved by the voice, hewn out :mDipD nti-ens in the air, and fixed in the moutli in five places.
1	nB3	nB3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	mynp	mynp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	nna	nna	X	FW	_	5	compound	_	_
4	ni2isn	ni2isn	X	FW	_	5	compound	_	_
5	hpa	hpa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	graved	grave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	hewn	hewn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	mDipD	mdipd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
15	nti	nti	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	14	dep	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	ens	en	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	moutli	moutli	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	nummod	_	_
29	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grave** | participle |  | nna ni2isn hpa and mDipD and ens in the air *not said here* |  |  |  | by the voice | tree rules |
| 2 | **hewn out** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fix** | participle |  | mDipD and ens in the air *not said here* |  | the moutli |  | in five places | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:isn:x1:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It isn't raining any more.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:isn:x2:1
# text = It isn't raining any more.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	raining	rain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	any	any	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **rain** | present · progressive | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This isn't my coat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:isn:x3:1
# text = This isn't my coat.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | This | my coat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Isn't that your teacher over there?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:isn:x4:1
# text = Isn't that your teacher over there?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present |  | your teacher |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The answer isn't 12; it's 13.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:isn:x5:1
# text = The answer isn't 12; it's 13.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	13	13	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | the answer | 12 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | answer | 13 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She's in your class, isn't she?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:isn:x6:1
# text = She's in your class, isn't she?
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  | your class |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | present | She *not said here* | she |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop isn't open on Sundays.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:isn:x7:1
# text = The shop isn't open on Sundays.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Sundays	Sunday	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | the shop |  |  |  | sunday | open *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nana, it isn’t six o’clock yet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:isn:x8:1
# text = Nana, it isn’t six o’clock yet.
1	Nana	Nana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	n’t	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
6	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	o’clock	o'clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
8	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | it | six o’clock |  |  | yet |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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