---
title: jackal — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jackal» in the Judaism dictionary: A jackal is a wild animal like a small, thin dog that lives in Africa and Asia and eats small animals and leftovers from other hunters. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jackal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** jackal, small thin dog, sneaky person, others, I, Babylon · **What happens:** be, live, eat, mean, take, work · **To what, where:** wild animal, Africa, small animals, sneaky person, advantage, brother · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«jackal» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jackal in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/jackal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jackal is a wild animal like a small, thin dog that lives in Africa and Asia and eats small animals and leftovers from other hunters.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jackal:m1:1
# text = A jackal is a wild animal like a small, thin dog that lives in Africa and Asia and eats small animals and leftovers from other hunters.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jackal	jackal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	eats	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
21	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	leftovers	leftover	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
25	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	hunters	hunter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a jackal | a wild animal |  |  |  | like a small thin dog | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | a small thin dog |  |  | Africa and Asia |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in africa=Location |
| 3 | **eat** | present | a small thin dog *not said here* | small animals and leftovers from other hunters |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jackal can mean a sneaky person who takes advantage of others' work or misfortune.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jackal:m2:1
# text = A jackal can mean a sneaky person who takes advantage of others' work or misfortune.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jackal	jackal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sneaky	sneaky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	advantage	advantage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	'	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | a jackal | a sneaky person |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Topic |
| 2 | **take** | present | a sneaky person | advantage of others's work or misfortune |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent advantage=Theme |
| 3 | **work** |  | others |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I am become a brother to jackals, and a companion to ostriches. (Writings JOB.30.29, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I am become a brother to jackals, and a companion to ostriches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jackal:x1:1
# text = I am become a brother to jackals, and a companion to ostriches.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	jackals	jackal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	companion	companion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	ostriches	ostrich	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present | I | a brother to jackals and a companion to ostriches |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.30.29, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jackal:x1:2
# text = (Writings JOB.30.29, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.30.29	JOB.30.29	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Babylon shall become heaps, a dwelling-place for jackals, an astonishment, and a hissing, without inhabitant. (Prophets JER.51.37, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Babylon shall become heaps, a dwelling-place for jackals, an astonishment, and a hissing, without inhabitant.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jackal:x2:1
# text = And Babylon shall become heaps, a dwelling-place for jackals, an astonishment, and a hissing, without inhabitant.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	jackals	jackal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	hissing	hissing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	without	without	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	inhabitant	inhabitant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | shall | Babylon | heaps  a dwelling place for jackals and a astonishment and a hissing and inhabitant |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.51.37, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jackal:x2:2
# text = (Prophets JER.51.37, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.51.37	JER.51.37	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Though Thou hast crushed us into a place of jackals, and covered us with the shadow of death. (Writings PSA.44.20, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Though Thou hast crushed us into a place of jackals, and covered us with the shadow of death.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jackal:x3:1
# text = Though Thou hast crushed us into a place of jackals, and covered us with the shadow of death.
1	Though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	crushed	crush	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	jackals	jackal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crush** | present · perfect · passive |  | Thou |  | a place of jackals |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer we=Result |
| 2 | **cover** | past |  |  | us |  |  | with the shadow of death | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent we=Destination with shadow=Theme |
| 3 | **shadow** |  |  | death |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.44.20, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jackal:x3:2
# text = (Writings PSA.44.20, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.44.20	PSA.44.20	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jackal crept towards the leftover meat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jackal:x4:1
# text = A jackal crept towards the leftover meat.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jackal	jackal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crept	creep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	leftover	leftover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **creep** | past | a jackal |  |  | the leftover meat |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards meat=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jackals howl at night on the savanna.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jackal:x5:1
# text = Jackals howl at night on the savanna.
1	Jackals	jackal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	howl	howl	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	savanna	savanna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **howl** | present | Jackals |  |  | the savanna | night |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on savanna=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Anubis, the Egyptian god, had a jackal's head.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jackal:x6:1
# text = Anubis, the Egyptian god, had a jackal's head.
1	Anubis	anubis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Egyptian	Egyptian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	god	god	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	jackal	jackal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Anubis | a jackal's head |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The jackal is a cousin of the dog and the wolf.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jackal:x7:1
# text = The jackal is a cousin of the dog and the wolf.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jackal	jackal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the jackal | a cousin |  |  |  | of the dog and the wolf | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the fable, the clever jackal tricks the lion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jackal:x8:1
# text = In the fable, the clever jackal tricks the lion.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	fable	fable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	jackal	jackal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	tricks	trick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trick** | present | the clever jackal | the lion |  | the fable |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lion=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jackals live in pairs and raise their pups together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jackal:x9:1
# text = Jackals live in pairs and raise their pups together.
1	Jackals	jackal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	pairs	pair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	raise	raise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	pups	pup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	together	together	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Jackals |  |  | pairs |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pair=Location |
| 2 | **raise** | present | Jackals *not said here* | Jackals's pups |  |  |  | together *property* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pup=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard jackals calling in the dark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jackal:x10:1
# text = We heard jackals calling in the dark.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	jackals	jackal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | jackals |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer jackal=Stimulus |
| 2 | **call** | gerund | jackals *not said here* |  |  | the dark |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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