---
title: jonathan — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jonathan» in the Judaism dictionary: Jonathan is a common boy's first name. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jonathan

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Jonathan, We, story · **What happens:** be, slay, love, warn, run away, call · **To what, where:** first name, son, Old Testament, Jonathan, new boy, class · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«jonathan» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jonathan in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/jonathan.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jonathan is a common boy's first name.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jonathan:m1:1
# text = Jonathan is a common boy's first name.
1	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
8	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Jonathan | a common boy's first name |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the Old Testament, Jonathan was the son of King Saul and the loyal best friend of David.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jonathan:m2:1
# text = In the Old Testament, Jonathan was the son of King Saul and the loyal best friend of David.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Testament	Testament	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	loyal	loyal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	17	amod	_	_
17	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Jonathan | the son and the loyal best friend of David |  | the Old Testament |  | of King Saul | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
of Melicu, Jonathan; of Shebaniah, Joseph; (Writings NEH.12.14, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jonathan:x1:1
# text = of Melicu, Jonathan; of Shebaniah, Joseph; (Writings NEH.12.14, JPS 1917)
1	of	of	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Melicu	Melicu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Shebaniah	Shebaniah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	appos	_	_
13	NEH.12.14	NEH.12.14	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	flat	_	_
16	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jonathan upon thy high places is slain! (Prophets 2SA.1.25, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Jonathan upon thy high places is slain!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jonathan:x2:1
# text = Jonathan upon thy high places is slain!
1	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	slain	slay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slay** | present · passive |  | Jonathan upon thy high places |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 2SA.1.25, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jonathan:x2:2
# text = (Prophets 2SA.1.25, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2SA.1.25	2SA.1.25	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the sons of Jonathan: Peleth, and Zaza. (Writings 1CH.2.33, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the sons of Jonathan: Peleth, and Zaza.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jonathan:x3:1
# text = And the sons of Jonathan: Peleth, and Zaza.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Peleth	Peleth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	Zaza	Zaza	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings 1CH.2.33, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jonathan:x3:2
# text = (Writings 1CH.2.33, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1CH.2.33	1CH.2.33	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jonathan is the new boy in our class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jonathan:x4:1
# text = Jonathan is the new boy in our class.
1	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Jonathan | the new boy |  | our class |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the Bible, Jonathan loved David like a brother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jonathan:x5:1
# text = In the Bible, Jonathan loved David like a brother.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	loved	love	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | past | Jonathan | David |  | the Bible |  | like a brother | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer david=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jonathan warned David to run away from King Saul.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jonathan:x6:1
# text = Jonathan warned David to run away from King Saul.
1	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	warned	warn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	iobj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warn** *speech: warn* | past | Jonathan |  | David |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S\_INF»: agent=Agent david=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **run away** | to-infinitive | Jonathan *not said here* |  |  | King Saul |  | away *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from saul=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We call him Jon for short.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jonathan:x7:1
# text = We call him Jon for short.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	Jon	Jon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | We | him *= he* |  |  |  | for short | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent he=Theme for short=Beneficiary |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jonathan scored the winning goal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jonathan:x8:1
# text = Jonathan scored the winning goal.
1	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	scored	score	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	winning	win	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **score** | past | Jonathan | the winning goal |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goal=Theme |
| 2 | **win** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The story of David and Jonathan teaches us about true friendship.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jonathan:x9:1
# text = The story of David and Jonathan teaches us about true friendship.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	teaches	teach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	iobj	_	_
9	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | the story of David and Jonathan |  | us |  |  | about true friendship | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent we=Recipient about friendship=Topic |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jonathan Swift wrote «Gulliver's Travels».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:jonathan:x10:1
# text = Jonathan Swift wrote «Gulliver's Travels».
1	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Swift	Swift	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Gulliver	Gulliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	Travels	Travel	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Jonathan | Gulliver's Travels |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent travel=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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