---
title: joyless — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «joyless» in the Judaism dictionary: Joyless means without joy, dull and sad. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# joyless

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Joyless, he, Jerusalem, they, joyless house, shades · **What happens:** mean, be, begin, reign, depart, bury · **To what, where:** he, Jerusalem, city, joyless life, joyless existence, dark land

<!-- .vabout -->
«joyless» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [joyless in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/joyless.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Joyless means without joy, dull and sad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:joyless:m1:1
# text = Joyless means without joy, dull and sad.
1	Joyless	joyless	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	without	without	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Joyless |  |  |  |  | without joy | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thirty and two years old was he when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem eight years; and he departed joyless; and they buried him in the city of David, but not in the sepulchres of the kings. (Writings 2CH.21.20, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thirty and two years old was he when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem eight years; and he departed joyless; and they buried him in the city of David, but not in the sepulchres of the kings.

<!-- fold The tree, 40 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:joyless:x1:1
# text = Thirty and two years old was he when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem eight years; and he departed joyless; and they buried him in the city of David, but not in the sepulchres of the kings.
1	Thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	1	conj	_	_
4	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	reign	reign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	reigned	reign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	departed	depart	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
25	joyless	joyless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	buried	bury	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
30	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
37	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
38	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	41	advmod	_	_
39	in	in	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	sepulchres	sepulchre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | he |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **reign** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **reign** | past | he |  |  | Jerusalem | year |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **depart** | past | Jerusalem |  |  |  |  | joyless *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **bury** | past | they | Jerusalem |  | the city of David |  | in the sepulchres of the kings | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme in city=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings 2CH.21.20, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:joyless:x1:2
# text = (Writings 2CH.21.20, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2CH.21.20	2CH.21.20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The joyless house was grey and quiet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:joyless:x2:1
# text = The joyless house was grey and quiet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	joyless	joyless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the joyless house |  |  |  |  | grey *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the joyless house *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They lived a joyless life after the war.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:joyless:x3:1
# text = They lived a joyless life after the war.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	joyless	joyless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | They | a joyless life |  |  | after the war |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme life=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shades led a joyless existence in the dark land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:joyless:x4:1
# text = The shades led a joyless existence in the dark land.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shades	shade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	joyless	joyless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	existence	existence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | the shades | a joyless existence |  | the dark land |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent existence=Theme in land=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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