---
title: killing — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «killing» in the Judaism dictionary: Killing is causing someone or something to die. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# killing

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Killing, You, feet, they, blood, us · **What happens:** cause, die, be, report, make, mean · **To what, where:** someone, murder, purpose, news, killing, lot · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«killing» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [killing in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/killing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Killing is causing someone or something to die.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:m1:1
# text = Killing is causing someone or something to die.
1	Killing	killing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	causing	cause	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · progressive | Killing | someone |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition someone=Patient |
| 2 | **die** | to-infinitive | Killing *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A killing is a murder or a death caused on purpose, as reported in the news.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:m2:1
# text = A killing is a murder or a death caused on purpose, as reported in the news.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	killing	killing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	murder	murder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	reported	report	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a killing | a murder or a death |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | participle |  | a murder or a death *not said here* |  | purpose |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 3 | **report** | participle |  |  |  | the news |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make a killing means to make a lot of money quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:m3:1
# text = To make a killing means to make a lot of money quickly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	killing	killing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a killing |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset killing=Product |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | a lot of money |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset lot=Product |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«You're killing me!» means «You're so funny» or «You're annoying me»; «My feet are killing me» means they hurt a lot.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:m4:1
# text = «You're killing me!» means «You're so funny» or «You're annoying me»; «My feet are killing me» means they hurt a lot.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	ccomp	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	annoying	annoy	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	_
20	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
26	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	30	ccomp	_	_
28	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	_
30	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
31	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	ccomp	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** *in a quote* | present · progressive | You | me |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | You |  |  |  |  | funny *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **annoy** *in a quote* | present · progressive | You | me |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer |
| 5 | **kill** *in a quote* | present · progressive | My feet | me |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 6 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 7 | **hurt** | past | feet *= foot* | a lot |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swearing and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery! they break all bounds, and blood toucheth blood. (Prophets HOS.4.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Swearing and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery! they break all bounds, and blood toucheth blood.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:x1:1
# text = Swearing and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery! they break all bounds, and blood toucheth blood.
1	Swearing	swear	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	advcl	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	stealing	stealing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	committing	commit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
13	adultery	adultery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	break	break	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	18	det	_	_
18	bounds	bound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	toucheth	touch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	parataxis	_	_
23	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | gerund | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lie** | gerund | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **kill** | gerund | they *not said here* | stealing |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stealing=Theme |
| 4 | **commit** | gerund | they *not said here* | adultery |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent adultery=Theme |
| 5 | **break** | present | they | all bounds |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bound=Patient |
| 6 | **touch** | present | blood | blood |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme blood=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets HOS.4.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:x1:2
# text = (Prophets HOS.4.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	HOS.4.2	HOS.4.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And behold joy and gladness, slaying oxen and killing sheep, eating flesh and drinking wine — 'Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we shall die!' (Prophets ISA.22.13, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And behold joy and gladness, slaying oxen and killing sheep, eating flesh and drinking wine — 'Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we shall die!'

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:x2:1
# text = And behold joy and gladness, slaying oxen and killing sheep, eating flesh and drinking wine — 'Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we shall die!'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	_
3	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	gladness	gladness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	slaying	slay	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	appos	_	_
8	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	conj	_	_
11	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	conj	_	_
14	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	drinking	drinking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	wine	wine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
18	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
21	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	drink	drink	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
26	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
27	tomorrow	tomorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl:unmarked	_	_
28	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slay** | gerund |  | oxen |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ox=Patient |
| 2 | **kill** | gerund |  | sheep |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Theme |
| 3 | **eat** | gerund |  | flesh and drinking wine |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flesh=Patient |
| 4 | **let** | infinitive |  | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **eat** | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **drink** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **die** | shall | we |  |  |  | tomorrow |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.22.13, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:x2:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.22.13, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.22.13	ISA.22.13	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For there were many in the congregation that had not sanctified themselves; therefore the Levites had the charge of killing the passover lambs for every one that was not clean, to sanctify them unto the LORD. (Writings 2CH.30.17, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For there were many in the congregation that had not sanctified themselves; therefore the Levites had the charge of killing the passover lambs for every one that was not clean, to sanctify them unto the LORD.

<!-- fold The tree, 36 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:x3:1
# text = For there were many in the congregation that had not sanctified themselves; therefore the Levites had the charge of killing the passover lambs for every one that was not clean, to sanctify them unto the LORD.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	congregation	congregation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	sanctified	sanctify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Levites	Levite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	advcl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
20	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
21	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	acl	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	passover	passover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	lambs	lamb	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	27	det	_	_
27	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj	_	_
29	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
30	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	31	advmod	_	_
31	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	sanctify	sanctify	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	conj	_	_
35	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obj	_	_
36	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | the Levites *not said here* | many |  | there |  | in the congregation | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot many=Theme in congregation=Attribute |
| 2 | **not** **sanctify** | past · perfect |  | the congregation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | past | the Levites |  |  |  |  | therefore *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **kill** | gerund | the charge *not said here* | the passover |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passover=Theme |
| 5 | **lamb** | present | the charge |  |  |  |  | for every one | vn calve-28.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **not** **is** | past | every one |  |  |  |  | clean *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **sanctify** | to-infinitive | every one *not said here* | Levites *= levite* |  |  |  | unto the LORD | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings 2CH.30.17, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:x3:2
# text = (Writings 2CH.30.17, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2CH.30.17	2CH.30.17	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lion is killing a zebra for food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:x4:1
# text = The lion is killing a zebra for food.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	zebra	zebra	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | present · progressive | the lion | a zebra |  |  |  | for food | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent zebra=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Soap helps by killing germs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:x5:1
# text = Soap helps by killing germs.
1	Soap	soap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Soap |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **kill** | gerund | Soap *not said here* | germs |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The police are investigating a killing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:x6:1
# text = The police are investigating a killing.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	investigating	investigate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	killing	killing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **investigate** | present · progressive | the police | a killing |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent killing=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Killing animals for fun is cruel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:x7:1
# text = Killing animals for fun is cruel.
1	Killing	kill	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	fun	fun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | gerund |  | animals |  |  |  | for fun | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | Killing |  |  |  |  | cruel *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They made a killing selling ice creams on the hot day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:x8:1
# text = They made a killing selling ice creams on the hot day.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	killing	killing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	selling	sell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	creams	cream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | They | a killing |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset killing=Product |
| 2 | **sell** | gerund | They *not said here* | ice creams |  |  | day |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cream=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We were killing time before the film started.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:x9:1
# text = We were killing time before the film started.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | past · progressive | We |  |  |  | time |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **start** | past | the film |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(slang) Stop, you're killing me! That joke is so funny.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* (slang) Stop, you're killing me!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:x10:1
# text = (slang) Stop, you're killing me!
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
9	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | infinitive | slang |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **kill** | present · progressive | you | me |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* That joke is so funny.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:x10:2
# text = That joke is so funny.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	joke	joke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | that joke |  |  |  |  | funny *property* | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(informal) These new shoes are killing my feet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:x11:1
# text = (informal) These new shoes are killing my feet.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | present · progressive | this informal new shoes | my feet |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Theme |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When you have succeeded in killing one come and tell me."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:killing:x12:1
# text = When you have succeeded in killing one come and tell me."
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	succeeded	succeed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	obj	_	_
8	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
11	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **succeed** | present · perfect | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **kill** | gerund | you *not said here* | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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