---
title: kindling — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kindling» in the Judaism dictionary: Kindling is small dry sticks and wood used to start a fire. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/K/kindling/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/) / [K](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/K/) / kindling

# kindling

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** action, fire, you, We, They · **What happens:** kindle, be, use, start, set, heap · **To what, where:** small dry sticks, fire, action, ing form, Prophets EZK.24.10, wood

<!-- .vabout -->
«kindling» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kindling in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/kindling.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kindling is small dry sticks and wood used to start a fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kindling:m1:1
# text = Kindling is small dry sticks and wood used to start a fire.
1	Kindling	kindle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kindle** | gerund |  | small dry sticks and wood |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition stick=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | small *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | small dry sticks and wood *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **start** | to-infinitive |  | a fire |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kindling is the action of setting a fire alight; it is the -ing form of kindle.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kindling:m2:1
# text = Kindling is the action of setting a fire alight; it is the -ing form of kindle.
1	Kindling	kindle	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	setting	set	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	alight	alight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	ing	ing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	kindle	kindle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kindle** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the action |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **set** | gerund | the action *not said here* | a fire |  |  |  | alight *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient fire=Result |
| 4 | **is a** | present | fire | the ing form |  |  |  | of kindle | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
heaping on the wood, kindling the fire, that the flesh may be consumed; and preparing the mixture, that the bones also may be burned; (Prophets EZK.24.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kindling:x1:1
# text = heaping on the wood, kindling the fire, that the flesh may be consumed; and preparing the mixture, that the bones also may be burned; (Prophets EZK.24.10, JPS 1917)
1	heaping	heap	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	kindling	kindle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	consumed	consume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	preparing	prepare	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	mixture	mixture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	also	also	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
26	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
27	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	aux:pass	_	_
28	burned	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
30	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	compound	_	_
32	EZK.24.10	EZK.24.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	appos	_	_
35	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	34	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	34	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heap** | gerund |  | Prophets EZK.24.10 |  | the wood |  |  | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ezk.24.10=Theme on wood=Destination |
| 2 | **kindle** | gerund |  | the fire |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition fire=Patient |
| 3 | **consume** | may · passive |  | the flesh |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset |
| 4 | **prepare** | gerund |  | the mixture |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mixture=Patient |
| 5 | **burn** | may · passive |  | the bones |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gather some dry kindling for the fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kindling:x2:1
# text = Gather some dry kindling for the fire.
1	Gather	gather	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
3	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	kindling	kindling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | imperative | you *not said here* | some dry kindling |  |  |  | for the fire | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent kindling=Theme for fire=Beneficiary |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We lit the kindling with a match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kindling:x3:1
# text = We lit the kindling with a match.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lit	light	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kindling	kindling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **light** | past | We | the kindling |  |  |  | with a match | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kindling=Product with match=Material |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They spent the evening kindling a fire of driftwood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kindling:x4:1
# text = They spent the evening kindling a fire of driftwood.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	kindling	kindle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	driftwood	driftwood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | past | They |  |  |  | evening |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **kindle** | gerund | They *not said here* | a fire of driftwood |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition fire=Patient |
| 3 | **fire** |  |  | driftwood |  |  |  |  | nom fire «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [kindled](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/K/kindled/)
- next →: [kindly](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/K/kindly/)
- ↑ back to [K in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/K/)