---
title: kiss — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kiss» in the Judaism dictionary: To kiss means to touch someone with your lips to show love, care or a greeting. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# kiss

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** kiss, ball, he, Jacob, heart, mouth · **What happens:** kiss, mean, touch, show, be, write · **To what, where:** someone, love, touch, light touch, post, letter x · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«kiss» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 14 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kiss in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/kiss.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To kiss means to touch someone with your lips to show love, care or a greeting.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:m1:1
# text = To kiss means to touch someone with your lips to show love, care or a greeting.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	kiss	kiss	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	touch	touch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
12	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	greeting	greeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kiss** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **touch** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  | with your lips | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent someone=Experiencer with lip=Instrument |
| 4 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | love and care or a greeting |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent love=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kiss is that touch with the lips.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:m2:1
# text = A kiss is that touch with the lips.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kiss	kiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	touch	touch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a kiss | touch |  |  |  | with the lips | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kiss can mean a very light touch, like when a ball just kisses the post.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:m3:1
# text = Kiss can mean a very light touch, like when a ball just kisses the post.
1	Kiss	kiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	touch	touch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
10	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	just	just	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	kisses	kiss	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	post	post	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Kiss | a light touch |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent touch=Topic |
| 2 | **kiss** | present | a ball | the post |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent post=Co-Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kiss can also be the letter x written at the end of a card or message to mean love.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:m4:1
# text = A kiss can also be the letter x written at the end of a card or message to mean love.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kiss	kiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	x	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	acl	_	_
20	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a kiss | the letter x |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | participle |  | the letter x *not said here* |  |  | at the end of a card or message |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mean** | to-infinitive |  | love |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent love=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he came near, and kissed him. (Torah GEN.27.27, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he came near, and kissed him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x1:1
# text = And he came near, and kissed him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	near	near	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | he |  |  |  |  | near *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **kiss** | past | he *not said here* | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.27.27, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.27.27, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.27.27	GEN.27.27	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Jacob kissed Rachel, and lifted up his voice, and wept. (Torah GEN.29.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Jacob kissed Rachel, and lifted up his voice, and wept.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x2:1
# text = And Jacob kissed Rachel, and lifted up his voice, and wept.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Rachel	Rachel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	wept	weep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kiss** | past | Jacob | Rachel |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rachel=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **lift up** | past | Jacob *not said here* | Jacob's voice |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Theme |
| 3 | **weep** | past | Jacob *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.29.11, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x2:2
# text = (Torah GEN.29.11, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.29.11	GEN.29.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he brought them near unto him; and he kissed them, and embraced them. (Torah GEN.48.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he brought them near unto him; and he kissed them, and embraced them.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x3:1
# text = And he brought them near unto him; and he kissed them, and embraced them.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	near	near	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	embraced	embrace	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | he | them *= they* |  |  |  | unto him *= he*; near *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 2 | **kiss** | past | he | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **embrace** | past | he *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.48.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x3:2
# text = (Torah GEN.48.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.48.10	GEN.48.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other. (Writings PSA.85.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x4:1
# text = Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other.
1	Mercy	mercy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	met	meet	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	together	together	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	righteousness	righteousness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
13	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	12	obj	_	_
14	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | present · passive |  | Mercy and truth |  |  |  | together *property* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **kiss** | present · perfect · passive |  | righteousness and peace |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.85.11, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x4:2
# text = (Writings PSA.85.11, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.85.11	PSA.85.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And my heart hath been secretly enticed, and my mouth hath kissed my hand; (Writings JOB.31.27, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x5:1
# text = And my heart hath been secretly enticed, and my mouth hath kissed my hand; (Writings JOB.31.27, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
6	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	enticed	entice	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
14	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	parataxis	_	_
19	JOB.31.27	JOB.31.27	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	flat	_	_
22	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	19	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | my heart |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | participle | my heart *not said here* |  |  |  |  | entice, secretly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | my mouth |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **kiss** | past | my mouth *not said here* | my hand |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Co-Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Faithful are the wounds of a friend; but the kisses of an enemy are importunate. (Writings PRO.27.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Faithful are the wounds of a friend; but the kisses of an enemy are importunate.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x6:1
# text = Faithful are the wounds of a friend; but the kisses of an enemy are importunate.
1	Faithful	faithful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wounds	wound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	kisses	kiss	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	importunate	importunate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the Faithful wounds |  |  |  | of a friend | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the Faithful wounds |  |  |  |  | importunate *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **kiss** |  |  | a enemy |  |  |  |  | nom kiss «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.27.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x6:2
# text = (Writings PRO.27.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.27.6	PRO.27.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum kissed me goodnight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x7:1
# text = Mum kissed me goodnight.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	goodnight	goodnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kiss** | past | Mum | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma gave me a kiss on the cheek.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x8:1
# text = Grandma gave me a kiss on the cheek.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kiss	kiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cheek	cheek	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Grandma | a kiss | me | the cheek |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent i=Recipient kiss=Theme on cheek=Asset |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby blew a kiss to her dad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x9:1
# text = The baby blew a kiss to her dad.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kiss	kiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | past | the baby | a kiss | baby's dad |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent kiss=Patient to dad=Recipient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad kissed my knee to make it better.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x10:1
# text = Dad kissed my knee to make it better.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kiss** | past | Dad | my knee |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knee=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | Dad *not said here* | knee |  |  |  | good *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story the frog turned into a prince after the kiss.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x11:1
# text = In the story the frog turned into a prince after the kiss.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	after	after	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	kiss	kiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | the frog |  |  | the story | after the kiss | into a prince | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in story=Trajectory |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She signed her card «Love, Emma xxx».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x12:1
# text = She signed her card «Love, Emma xxx».
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	signed	sign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	Emma	Emma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	xxx	xxx	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sign** | past | She | her card |  |  |  |  | vn instr\_communication-37.4.1 «NP V NP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent card=Recipient clause=Topic |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can say «no thanks» if you do not want a kiss.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x13:1
# text = You can say «no thanks» if you do not want a kiss.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	want	want	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	kiss	kiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | can | You | no thanks |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent thanks=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **want** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · do-support | you | a kiss |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot kiss=Theme |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ball just kissed the crossbar and went over.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:kiss:x14:1
# text = The ball just kissed the crossbar and went over.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	just	just	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	crossbar	crossbar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	over	over	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kiss** | past | the ball | the crossbar |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crossbar=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **go over** | past | the ball *not said here* |  |  |  |  | over *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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