---
title: language — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «language» in the Judaism dictionary: A language is the words that people use to speak and write, like English, French or Spanish. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# language

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** language, people, Sign language, computer language, set, Bad language · **What happens:** be, use, speak, write, talk, tell · **To what, where:** words, English, way, general, hand signs, set · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«language» in the Judaism dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 17 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [language in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/language.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A language is the words that people use to speak and write, like English, French or Spanish.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:m1:1
# text = A language is the words that people use to speak and write, like English, French or Spanish.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obj	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	write	write	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a language | the words |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | present | people | the words |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent that=Theme clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **write** | infinitive | people *not said here* | English |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent english=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Language is the way people talk and use words in general.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:m2:1
# text = Language is the way people talk and use words in general.
1	Language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	talk	talk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Language | the way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **talk** | present | people | the way *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent way=Patient |
| 3 | **use** | present | people *not said here* | words |  | general |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sign language uses hand signs instead of spoken words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:m3:1
# text = Sign language uses hand signs instead of spoken words.
1	Sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Sign language | hand signs |  |  |  | instead spoken words | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Patient |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A computer language is a set of words and rules for telling a computer what to do.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:m4:1
# text = A computer language is a set of words and rules for telling a computer what to do.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	iobj	_	_
15	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	17	obj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a computer language | a set |  |  |  | of words and rules | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | a set *not said here* |  | a computer |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent computer=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bad language means rude words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:m5:1
# text = Bad language means rude words.
1	Bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Bad language | rude words |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the whole earth was of one language and of one speech. (Torah GEN.11.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the whole earth was of one language and of one speech.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x1:1
# text = And the whole earth was of one language and of one speech.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the whole earth |  |  |  |  | of one language and one speech | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.11.1, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.11.1, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.11.1	GEN.11.1	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Come, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another's speech.' (Torah GEN.11.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Come, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another's speech.'

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x2:1
# text = Come, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another's speech.'
1	Come	come	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
10	confound	confound	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
16	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	obj	_	_
20	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	22	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	's	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive | you *not said here* | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go down** | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **confound** | infinitive |  | their language |  | there |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus language=Experiencer |
| 5 | **not** **understand** | may | they | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.11.7, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x2:2
# text = (Torah GEN.11.7, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.11.7	GEN.11.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the LORD said: 'Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is what they begin to do; and now nothing will be withholden from them, which they purpose to do. (Torah GEN.11.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the LORD said: 'Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is what they begin to do; and now nothing will be withholden from them, which they purpose to do.

<!-- fold The tree, 36 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x3:1
# text = And the LORD said: 'Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is what they begin to do; and now nothing will be withholden from them, which they purpose to do.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
6	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	12	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
17	all	all	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	24	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	parataxis	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	begin	begin	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	acl:relcl	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
31	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	35	advmod	_	_
32	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	35	nsubj	_	_
33	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
34	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	cop	_	_
35	withholden	withholden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
36	from	from	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
39	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	41	nsubj	_	_
40	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
41	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	conj	_	_
42	to	to	PART	TO	_	43	mark	_	_
43	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | they | one people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | people | one language |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient |
| 4 | **is a** | present | this |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **begin** | present | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 6 | **do** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **is a** | future | nothing | withholden and purpose |  |  | now | from people | tree rules |
| 8 | **purpose** *speech: other* |  | withholden and purpose |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 9 | **do** | to-infinitive | nothing *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.11.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x3:2
# text = (Torah GEN.11.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.11.6	GEN.11.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the herald cried aloud: 'To you it is commanded, O peoples, nations, and languages, (Writings DAN.3.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x4:1
# text = And the herald cried aloud: 'To you it is commanded, O peoples, nations, and languages, (Writings DAN.3.4, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	herald	herald	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	To	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	commanded	command	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	O	of	ADP	IN	Abbr=Yes	15	case	_	_
15	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
24	DAN.3.4	DAN.3.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	flat	_	_
27	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	24	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the herald |  |  |  |  | of commanded peoples and nations and languages and Writings; aloud *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **command** | present · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When Israel came forth out of Egypt, the house of Jacob from a people of strange language; (Writings PSA.114.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x5:1
# text = When Israel came forth out of Egypt, the house of Jacob from a people of strange language; (Writings PSA.114.1, JPS 1917)
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
22	PSA.114.1	PSA.114.1	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	flat	_	_
25	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	22	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Israel | Writings |  | Egypt |  | forth *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme out egypt=Initial\_Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
'Nebuchadnezzar the king, unto all peoples, nations, and languages, that dwell in all the earth; peace be multiplied unto you. (Writings DAN.3.31, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* 'Nebuchadnezzar the king, unto all peoples, nations, and languages, that dwell in all the earth; peace be multiplied unto you.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x6:1
# text = 'Nebuchadnezzar the king, unto all peoples, nations, and languages, that dwell in all the earth; peace be multiplied unto you.
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Nebuchadnezzar	Nebuchadnezzar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	dwell	dwell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	20	det:predet	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
22	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	multiplied	multiply	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	_
25	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dwell** | present | the Nebuchadnezzar king and languages |  |  | all earth |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in earth=Location |
| 2 | **multiply** | infinitive · passive |  | peace |  |  |  | unto you | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings DAN.3.31, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x6:2
# text = (Writings DAN.3.31, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	DAN.3.31	DAN.3.31	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
12 children speak two languages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x7:1
# text = 12 children speak two languages.
1	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | 12 children | two languages |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The class learns 1 new language.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x8:1
# text = The class learns 1 new language.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	learns	learn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present | the class | 1 new language |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Topic |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
15 pupils study French and 10 study German.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x9:1
# text = 15 pupils study French and 10 study German.
1	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	study	study	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | 15 pupils | French and 10 study |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent french=Topic |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many speak both languages?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x10:1
# text = How many speak both languages?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
3	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | many | both languages |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Canada, people speak English and French.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x11:1
# text = In Canada, people speak English and French.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | people | English and French |  | Canada |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam's first language is Spanish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x12:1
# text = Sam's first language is Spanish.
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sam's first language | Spanish |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our deaf friend taught us some sign language.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x13:1
# text = Our deaf friend taught us some sign language.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	deaf	deaf	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
7	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | Our deaf friend | some sign language | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient language=Topic |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His body language showed he was nervous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x14:1
# text = His body language showed he was nervous.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	nervous	nervous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | His body language |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | language |  |  |  |  | nervous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Python is a computer language.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x15:1
# text = Python is a computer language.
1	Python	python	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Python | a computer language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 16 {#x16}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please don't use bad language in class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x16:1
# text = Please don't use bad language in class.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **use** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | bad language |  | class |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient |

## Example 17 {#x17}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every one speaks these words in his own language.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:language:x17:1
# text = Every one speaks these words in his own language.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | every one | this words |  | his own language |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [L in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/L/)