---
title: lapp — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lapp» in the Judaism dictionary: Lapp is an old name for the Sámi, the Indigenous people of the far north of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. Many Sámi find the word «Lapp» offensive and prefer «Sámi». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
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# lapp

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lapp, Many Sámi, number, rest, LORD, hundred men · **What happens:** be, find, prefer, lap, put, bow down · **To what, where:** old name, word, Sámi, hand, hundred men, knees · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lapp» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lapp in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/lapp.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old, may offend — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lapp is an old name for the Sámi, the Indigenous people of the far north of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. Many Sámi find the word «Lapp» offensive and prefer «Sámi».

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Lapp is an old name for the Sámi, the Indigenous people of the far north of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lapp:m1:1
# text = Lapp is an old name for the Sámi, the Indigenous people of the far north of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia.
1	Lapp	lapp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Sámi	Sámi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	far	far	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Norway	Norway	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Sweden	Sweden	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	Finland	Finland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lapp | a old name |  |  |  | for the Sámi  the Indigenous people of the far north of Norway and Sweden and Finland and Russia | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Many Sámi find the word «Lapp» offensive and prefer «Sámi».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lapp:m1:2
# text = Many Sámi find the word «Lapp» offensive and prefer «Sámi».
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Sámi	Sámi	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Lapp	lapp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	offensive	offensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	prefer	prefer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Sámi	Sámi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present | Many Sámi | the word |  |  |  | offensive *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
| 2 | **prefer** | present | Many Sámi *not said here* | Sámi |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sámi=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the number of them that lapped, putting their hand to their mouth, was three hundred men; but all the rest of the people bowed down upon their knees to drink water. (Prophets JDG.7.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the number of them that lapped, putting their hand to their mouth, was three hundred men; but all the rest of the people bowed down upon their knees to drink water.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lapp:x1:1
# text = And the number of them that lapped, putting their hand to their mouth, was three hundred men; but all the rest of the people bowed down upon their knees to drink water.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nmod	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lapped	lap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	compound	_	_
18	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
21	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
22	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	24	det:predet	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
28	bowed	bow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
29	down	down	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
30	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	advcl	_	_
35	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lap** | past | the number of them |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **put** | gerund | the number of them *not said here* | their hand |  |  |  | to their mouth | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent hand=Goal |
| 3 | **is a** | past |  | hundred men |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **bow down** | past | all rest of the people |  |  | people's knees |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon knee=Location |
| 5 | **drink** | to-infinitive | all rest of the people *not said here* | water |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JDG.7.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lapp:x1:2
# text = (Prophets JDG.7.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JDG.7.6	JDG.7.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the LORD said unto Gideon: 'By the three hundred men that lapped will I save you, and deliver the Midianites into thy hand; and let all the people go every man unto his place.' (Prophets JDG.7.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the LORD said unto Gideon: 'By the three hundred men that lapped will I save you, and deliver the Midianites into thy hand; and let all the people go every man unto his place.'

<!-- fold The tree, 35 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lapp:x2:1
# text = And the LORD said unto Gideon: 'By the three hundred men that lapped will I save you, and deliver the Midianites into thy hand; and let all the people go every man unto his place.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Gideon	Gideon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	By	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	compound	_	_
12	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	lapped	lap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	deliver	deliver	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Midianites	Midianite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
25	into	into	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
31	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	33	det:predet	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nsubj	_	_
34	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	xcomp	_	_
35	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	36	det	_	_
36	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
37	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	30	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  | unto Gideon | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **lap** | past | the hundred men |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **save** | future | I | you |  |  |  | by the hundred men | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
| 4 | **deliver** | present | I *not said here* | the Midianites |  | thy hand |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent midianite=Patient |
| 5 | **let** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **go** | present | all people | every man |  |  |  | unto LORD's place | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location man=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JDG.7.7, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lapp:x2:2
# text = (Prophets JDG.7.7, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JDG.7.7	JDG.7.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sámi were once called Lapps in old books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lapp:x3:1
# text = The Sámi were once called Lapps in old books.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sámi	Sámi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	5	advmod	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	Lapps	lapp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	xcomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past · passive |  | the Sámi |  | old books |  | once *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Sámi prefer not to be called Lapps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lapp:x4:1
# text = Many Sámi prefer not to be called Lapps.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Sámi	sámi	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	prefer	prefer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	Lapps	lapp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prefer** | present | Many Sámi |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **not** **call** | to-infinitive · passive |  | Lapps |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V» |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lapland is in the far north of Finland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lapp:x5:1
# text = Lapland is in the far north of Finland.
1	Lapland	Lapland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	far	far	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Finland	Finland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Lapland |  |  | the far north |  | of Finland | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sámi families herd reindeer across the snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lapp:x6:1
# text = Sámi families herd reindeer across the snow.
1	Sámi	Sámi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	herd	herd	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **herd** | present | Sámi families | reindeer |  | the snow |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent reindeer=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our teacher said to use «Sámi», not «Lapp».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lapp:x7:1
# text = Our teacher said to use «Sámi», not «Lapp».
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Sámi	Sámi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Lapp	Lapp	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Our teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **use** | to-infinitive |  | Sámi |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sámi=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old maps say «Lapp» but today we say Sámi.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lapp:x8:1
# text = Old maps say «Lapp» but today we say Sámi.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	maps	map	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Lapp	lapp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	Sámi	Sámi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Old maps | Lapp |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent lapp=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | we | Sámi |  |  | today |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent sámi=Topic |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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<!-- pn -->
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