---
title: latter — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «latter» in the Judaism dictionary: The latter means the second of two things or people just mentioned. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# latter

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** latter, people, I, they, it, fathers · **What happens:** mean, mention, have, be, understand, discern · **To what, where:** end, coffee, this, latter end, thee, voice · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«latter» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [latter in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/latter.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The latter means the second of two things or people just mentioned.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:m1:1
# text = The latter means the second of two things or people just mentioned.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	just	just	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	mentioned	mention	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the latter |  |  |  | second |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mention** *speech: other* | past | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"tea or coffee? I'll have the latter" means coffee.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "tea or coffee?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:m1e:1
# text = "tea or coffee?
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	coffee	coffee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* I'll have the latter" means coffee.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:m1e:2
# text = I'll have the latter" means coffee.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	coffee	coffee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | future | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** *in a quote* | present | the latter | coffee |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coffee=Topic |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Latter means near the end of a time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:m2:1
# text = Latter means near the end of a time.
1	Latter	Latter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	near	near	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Latter |  |  |  | near the end of a time |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"the latter part of the film".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:m2e:1
# text = "the latter part of the film".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If they were wise, they would understand this, they would discern their latter end. (Torah DEU.32.29, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* If they were wise, they would understand this, they would discern their latter end.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x1:1
# text = If they were wise, they would understand this, they would discern their latter end.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	discern	discern	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | they |  |  |  |  | wise *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **understand** | would | they | this |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus |
| 3 | **discern** | would | they | their latter end |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer end=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.32.29, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x1:2
# text = (Torah DEU.32.29, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.32.29	DEU.32.29	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe thee, neither hearken to the voice of the first sign, that they will believe the voice of the latter sign. (Torah EXO.4.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe thee, neither hearken to the voice of the first sign, that they will believe the voice of the latter sign.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x2:1
# text = And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe thee, neither hearken to the voice of the first sign, that they will believe the voice of the latter sign.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
13	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	16	cc:preconj	_	_
16	hearken	hearken	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	23	amod	_	_
23	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
27	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | shall | it |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **believe** *a condition, not said to happen* | future | they | thee |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thou=Stimulus |
| 4 | **hearken** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | to the voice of the first sign | tree rules |
| 5 | **believe** | future | they | the voice of the latter sign |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.4.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x2:2
# text = (Torah EXO.4.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.4.8	EXO.4.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
who fed thee in the wilderness with manna, which thy fathers knew not, that He might afflict thee, and that He might prove thee, to do thee good at thy latter end; (Torah DEU.8.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 36 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x3:1
# text = who fed thee in the wilderness with manna, which thy fathers knew not, that He might afflict thee, and that He might prove thee, to do thee good at thy latter end; (Torah DEU.8.16, JPS 1917)
1	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fed	feed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	manna	manna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obj	_	_
11	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	fathers	father	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
17	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	afflict	afflict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
20	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	prove	prove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	conj	_	_
27	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	conj	_	_
31	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	30	obj	_	_
32	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	obj	_	_
33	at	at	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	36	nmod:poss	_	_
35	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	40	punct	_	_
38	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	40	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	compound	_	_
40	DEU.8.16	DEU.8.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
42	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	_
43	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	40	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	40	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feed** | past |  | thee |  | the wilderness with manna |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent thou=Value in wilderness=Location |
| 2 | **not** **know** | past | thy fathers | manna |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus |
| 3 | **afflict** | might | He | thee |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus thou=Experiencer |
| 4 | **prove** | might | He | thee |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Theme |
| 5 | **do** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | thee |  |  | at thy latter end |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hear counsel, and receive instruction, that thou mayest be wise in thy latter end. (Writings PRO.19.20, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Hear counsel, and receive instruction, that thou mayest be wise in thy latter end.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x4:1
# text = Hear counsel, and receive instruction, that thou mayest be wise in thy latter end.
1	Hear	hear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	counsel	counsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	receive	receive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	instruction	instruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	nsubj	_	_
9	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nsubj	_	_
10	mayest	may	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
12	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **receive** | infinitive | Hear counsel | instruction |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instruction=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | may | that |  |  |  | in thy latter end | wise *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.19.20, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x4:2
# text = (Writings PRO.19.20, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.19.20	PRO.19.20	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they waited for me as for the rain; and they opened their mouth wide as for the latter rain. (Writings JOB.29.23, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And they waited for me as for the rain; and they opened their mouth wide as for the latter rain.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x5:1
# text = And they waited for me as for the rain; and they opened their mouth wide as for the latter rain.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	waited	wait	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	as	as	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | past | they |  |  |  |  | for me; for the rain | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **open** | past | they | their mouth |  |  |  | wide *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location mouth=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.29.23, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x5:2
# text = (Writings JOB.29.23, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.29.23	JOB.29.23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the light of the king's countenance is life; and his favour is as a cloud of the latter rain. (Writings PRO.16.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In the light of the king's countenance is life; and his favour is as a cloud of the latter rain.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x6:1
# text = In the light of the king's countenance is life; and his favour is as a cloud of the latter rain.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	countenance	countenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	favour	favour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | light life |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | king's favour |  |  |  |  | as a cloud; of the latter rain | tree rules |
| 3 | **light** |  |  | the king's countenance |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
| 4 | **favour** |  | king |  |  |  |  |  | nom favour «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.16.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x6:2
# text = (Writings PRO.16.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.16.15	PRO.16.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam and Ben both play, but the latter is better at football.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x7:1
# text = Sam and Ben both play, but the latter is better at football.
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	both	both	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	play	play	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	conj	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | present | Sam and Ben |  |  |  |  | both *property* | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the latter |  |  | football |  | good *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Would you like apples or pears? The latter, please.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Would you like apples or pears?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x8:1
# text = Would you like apples or pears?
1	Would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	like	like	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	pears	pear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | would | you | apples or pears |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot apple=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* The latter, please.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x8:2
# text = The latter, please.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the latter part of the year, the days get shorter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x9:1
# text = In the latter part of the year, the days get shorter.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	shorter	short	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | the days |  |  | the latter part of the year |  | short *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of cats and dogs, I prefer the latter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x10:1
# text = Of cats and dogs, I prefer the latter.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	prefer	prefer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prefer** | present | I | the latter |  |  |  | of cats and dogs | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer latter=Stimulus |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The former is red and the latter is blue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x11:1
# text = The former is red and the latter is blue.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the former |  |  |  |  | red *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the latter |  |  |  |  | blue *property* | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She read two books and liked the latter more.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x12:1
# text = She read two books and liked the latter more.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	liked	like	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nsubj	_	_
9	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | She | two books |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Topic |
| 2 | **like** | past | She *not said here* | more |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot more=Theme |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This latter would be useful when he began housekeeping.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:latter:x13:1
# text = This latter would be useful when he began housekeeping.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	useful	useful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	housekeeping	housekeep	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | would | This |  |  |  |  | useful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **housekeep** | gerund | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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