---
title: lay — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lay» in the Judaism dictionary: To lay is to put something down carefully, often flat: «lay the baby in the cot». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lay

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hen, egg, Lay, I, thou, frankincense · **What happens:** lay, be, come out, rest, lie, mean · **To what, where:** baby, cot, egg, body, table, bricks · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lay» in the Judaism dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 15 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lay in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/lay.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lay is to put something down carefully, often flat: «lay the baby in the cot».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:m1:1
# text = To lay is to put something down carefully, often flat: «lay the baby in the cot».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	down	down	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	often	often	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	cot	cot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | carefully, put *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  | often *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **lay** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the baby |  | the cot |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent baby=Theme in cot=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hen lays an egg when the egg comes out of her body.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:m2:1
# text = A hen lays an egg when the egg comes out of her body.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hen	hen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lays	lay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | a hen | a egg |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result |
| 2 | **come out** | present | the egg | egg's body |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient body=Result |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lay the table is to put out plates, knives and forks for a meal.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:m3:1
# text = To lay the table is to put out plates, knives and forks for a meal.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	knives	knife	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	forks	fork	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | to-infinitive |  | the table |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Result |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | for a meal; put *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lay bricks or carpet is to put them in place.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:m4:1
# text = To lay bricks or carpet is to put them in place.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	bricks	brick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	carpet	carpet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | to-infinitive |  | bricks or carpet |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brick=Result |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | place |  | put *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Lay» is also the past form of «lie» (to rest flat): «He lay on the grass».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:m5:1
# text = «Lay» is also the past form of «lie» (to rest flat): «He lay on the grass».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Lay	Lay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	lie	lie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	rest	rest	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
16	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lay | the past form |  |  |  | of lie | tree rules |
| 2 | **rest** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | flat *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **lie** *in a quote* | past | Lay |  |  | the grass |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on grass=Location |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lay can also mean to bet, so "I lay she is loaded" means "I bet she is loaded.".

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:m6:1
# text = Lay can also mean to bet, so "I lay she is loaded" means "I bet she is loaded.".
1	Lay	Lay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	bet	bet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	_
12	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	loaded	load	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
16	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	bet	bet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	_
20	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	loaded	load	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Lay |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **bet** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Lay *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **lay** *in a quote* | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **load** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | Lay |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |
| 5 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **bet** *in a quote* | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn risk-94 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 7 | **load** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | Lay |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thou shalt put oil upon it, and lay frankincense thereon; it is a meal-offering. (Torah LEV.2.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And thou shalt put oil upon it, and lay frankincense thereon; it is a meal-offering.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x1:1
# text = And thou shalt put oil upon it, and lay frankincense thereon; it is a meal-offering.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
11	frankincense	frankincense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	thereon	thereon	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | shall | thou | oil |  | oil |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent oil=Theme upon it=Destination |
| 2 | **lay** | infinitive | thou *not said here* | frankincense |  |  |  | thereon *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frankincense=Result |
| 3 | **is a** | present | frankincense | a meal offering |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.2.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x1:2
# text = (Torah LEV.2.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.2.15	LEV.2.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Pharaoh turned and went into his house, neither did he lay even this to heart. (Torah EXO.7.23, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Pharaoh turned and went into his house, neither did he lay even this to heart.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x2:1
# text = And Pharaoh turned and went into his house, neither did he lay even this to heart.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	13	cc:preconj	_	_
11	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
14	even	even	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	obj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | Pharaoh |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | past | Pharaoh *not said here* |  |  | Pharaoh's house |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into house=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **lay** | past · do-support | Pharaoh | this |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Result |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.7.23, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x2:2
# text = (Torah EXO.7.23, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.7.23	EXO.7.23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He couched, he lay down as a lion, and as a lioness; who shall rouse him up? (Torah NUM.24.9, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* He couched, he lay down as a lion, and as a lioness; who shall rouse him up?

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x3:1
# text = He couched, he lay down as a lion, and as a lioness; who shall rouse him up?
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	couched	couch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	lioness	lioness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
17	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	rouse	rouse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl:relcl	_	_
19	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	up	up	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **couch** | past | He |  |  |  |  | as a lioness | tree rules |
| 2 | **lie down** | past | he |  |  |  |  | as a lion; down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **rouse up** | shall | a lioness | lion |  |  |  |  | vn stimulate-59.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.24.9, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x3:2
# text = (Torah NUM.24.9, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.24.9	NUM.24.9	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I lay my hand upon my mouth. (Writings JOB.40.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I lay my hand upon my mouth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x4:1
# text = I lay my hand upon my mouth.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past | I | my hand |  |  |  | upon my mouth | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hand=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.40.4, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x4:2
# text = (Writings JOB.40.4, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.40.4	JOB.40.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How long will ye lay snares for words? (Writings JOB.18.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* How long will ye lay snares for words?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x5:1
# text = How long will ye lay snares for words?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nsubj	_	_
5	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	snares	snare	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | future | ye | snares |  |  |  | for words; long *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent snare=Result for word=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.18.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x5:2
# text = (Writings JOB.18.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.18.2	JOB.18.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My son, keep my words, and lay up my commandments with thee. (Writings PRO.7.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* My son, keep my words, and lay up my commandments with thee.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x6:1
# text = My son, keep my words, and lay up my commandments with thee.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	commandments	commandment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | infinitive | My son | my words |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme |
| 2 | **lay up** | infinitive | My son *not said here* | my commandments |  |  |  | with thee | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent commandment=Result |
| 3 | **word** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 4 | **command** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom commandment «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.7.1, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x6:2
# text = (Writings PRO.7.1, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.7.1	PRO.7.1	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each hen lays 1 egg a day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x7:1
# text = Each hen lays 1 egg a day.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	hen	hen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lays	lay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | each hen | 1 egg |  |  | day |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
5 hens lay how many eggs in a week?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x8:1
# text = 5 hens lay how many eggs in a week?
1	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	hens	hen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past | 5 hens | many eggs |  |  | week |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location egg=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He lays 40 bricks an hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x9:1
# text = He lays 40 bricks an hour.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lays	lay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	bricks	brick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | He | 40 bricks  a hour |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brick=Result |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She laid 6 plates on the table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x10:1
# text = She laid 6 plates on the table.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | past | She | 6 plates |  | the table |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent plate=Theme on table=Destination |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please lay the table for dinner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x11:1
# text = Please lay the table for dinner.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	lay	lay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | imperative | you *not said here* | the table |  |  |  | for dinner | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent table=Result for dinner=Beneficiary |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turtles lay their eggs in the sand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x12:1
# text = Turtles lay their eggs in the sand.
1	Turtles	turtle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | Turtles | Turtles's eggs |  | the sand |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in sand=Destination |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He lay on the grass and looked at the clouds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x13:1
# text = He lay on the grass and looked at the clouds.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past | He |  |  | the grass |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on grass=Location |
| 2 | **look** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the clouds | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at cloud=Theme |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lay your coat on the bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x14:1
# text = Lay your coat on the bed.
1	Lay	lay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | imperative | you *not said here* | your coat |  | the bed |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent coat=Theme on bed=Destination |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Well, I lay she's loaded, boss.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lay:x15:1
# text = "Well, I lay she's loaded, boss.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Well	well	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	loaded	load	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	boss	boss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** *in a quote* | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **load** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | she |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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