---
title: lender — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lender» in the Judaism dictionary: A person or organisation that lends something, especially money, which must be paid back. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lender

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, company, rich, borrower, bank, Dad · **What happens:** lend, pay back, give, charge, rule, be · **To what, where:** something, money, loans, interest, poor, servant

<!-- .vabout -->
«lender» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lender in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/lender.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person or organisation that lends something, especially money, which must be paid back.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lender:m1:1
# text = A person or organisation that lends something, especially money, which must be paid back.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	organisation	organisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	lends	lend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	paid	pay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl:relcl	_	_
16	back	back	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lend** | present | a person or organisation | something |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **pay back** | must · passive |  | money |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bank or company that gives loans or mortgages and charges interest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lender:m2:1
# text = A bank or company that gives loans or mortgages and charges interest.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	loans	loan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	mortgages	mortgage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	charges	charge	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
12	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | company | loans or mortgages |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent loan=Theme |
| 2 | **charge** | present | company *not said here* | interest |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location interest=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rich ruleth over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender. (Writings PRO.22.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The rich ruleth over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lender:x1:1
# text = The rich ruleth over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ruleth	rule	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	borrower	borrower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	lender	lender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | present | the rich |  |  | the poor |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the borrower | servant |  |  |  | to the lender | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.22.7, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lender:x1:2
# text = (Writings PRO.22.7, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.22.7	PRO.22.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bank is the lender, and Dad is the borrower.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lender:x2:1
# text = The bank is the lender, and Dad is the borrower.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lender	lender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	borrower	borrower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the bank | the lender and the borrower |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Dad | the borrower |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lender charges interest on a loan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lender:x3:1
# text = A lender charges interest on a loan.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lender	lender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	charges	charge	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	loan	loan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **charge** | present | a lender | interest |  | a loan |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location interest=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Neither a borrower nor a lender be» is a famous old line.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lender:x4:1
# text = «Neither a borrower nor a lender be» is a famous old line.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	4	cc:preconj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	borrower	borrower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
5	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	7	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lender	lender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a borrower nor a lender | a famous old line |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mortgage lender agreed to lend money for the house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lender:x5:1
# text = The mortgage lender agreed to lend money for the house.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mortgage	mortgage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	lender	lender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	agreed	agree	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	lend	lend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **agree** *speech: agree* | past | the mortgage lender |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **lend** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the mortgage lender *not said here* | money |  |  |  | for the house | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the old story, the money lender was very greedy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lender:x6:1
# text = In the old story, the money lender was very greedy.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	lender	lender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	greedy	greedy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the money lender |  |  | the old story |  | greedy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If the lender charges 10% interest on £100, you pay back £110.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lender:x7:1
# text = If the lender charges 10% interest on £100, you pay back £110.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	lender	lender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	charges	charge	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
5	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	£	£	SYM	$	_	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	pay	pay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	back	back	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	£	£	SYM	$	_	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	110	110	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **charge** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | the lender | % interest |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location interest=Theme |
| 2 | **pay back** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent £=Asset |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend was the lender of the pencil, so I gave it back.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lender:x8:1
# text = My friend was the lender of the pencil, so I gave it back.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lender	lender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	back	back	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | My friend | the lender |  |  |  | of the pencil | tree rules |
| 2 | **give back** | past | I | friend |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good harvests, or bad, the farmer was always poor, the money-lender rich.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lender:x9:1
# text = Good harvests, or bad, the farmer was always poor, the money-lender rich.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	harvests	harvest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	11	advmod	_	_
11	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	lender	lender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
17	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the farmer |  |  |  |  | always, poor *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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