---
title: lengthening — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lengthening» in the Judaism dictionary: Lengthening is making something longer, or becoming longer. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lengthening

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lengthening shadows, days, king, spring, Mum, shadows · **What happens:** lengthen, make, become, get, be, wither · **To what, where:** something, I, counsel, sins, mercy, poor

<!-- .vabout -->
«lengthening» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lengthening in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/lengthening.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lengthening is making something longer, or becoming longer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lengthening:m1:1
# text = Lengthening is making something longer, or becoming longer.
1	Lengthening	lengthen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
9	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lengthen** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | present · progressive |  | something |  |  |  | long *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |
| 3 | **become** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lengthening shadows or days are slowly getting longer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lengthening:m2:1
# text = Lengthening shadows or days are slowly getting longer.
1	Lengthening	lengthen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	amod	_	_
2	shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lengthen** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **get** | present · progressive | Lengthening shadows or days |  |  |  |  | long, slowly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My days are like a lengthening shadow; and I am withered like grass. (Writings PSA.102.12, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* My days are like a lengthening shadow; and I am withered like grass.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lengthening:x1:1
# text = My days are like a lengthening shadow; and I am withered like grass.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	lengthening	lengthen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	withered	wither	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lengthen** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | My days |  |  |  |  | like a lengthening shadow | tree rules |
| 3 | **wither** | present · passive |  | I |  |  |  | like grass | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.102.12, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lengthening:x1:2
# text = (Writings PSA.102.12, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.102.12	PSA.102.12	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wherefore, O king, let my counsel be acceptable unto thee, and break off thy sins by almsgiving, and thine iniquities by showing mercy to the poor; if there may be a lengthening of thy prosperity.' (Writings DAN.4.24, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Wherefore, O king, let my counsel be acceptable unto thee, and break off thy sins by almsgiving, and thine iniquities by showing mercy to the poor; if there may be a lengthening of thy prosperity.'

<!-- fold The tree, 35 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lengthening:x2:1
# text = Wherefore, O king, let my counsel be acceptable unto thee, and break off thy sins by almsgiving, and thine iniquities by showing mercy to the poor; if there may be a lengthening of thy prosperity.'
1	Wherefore	wherefore	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	O	of	ADP	IN	Abbr=Yes	4	case	_	_
4	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	csubj	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	counsel	counsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
10	acceptable	acceptable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	parataxis	_	_
11	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
16	off	off	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	sins	sin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	almsgiving	almsgiving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	iniquities	iniquity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
25	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
26	showing	show	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
27	mercy	mercy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
32	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
33	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	35	expl	_	_
34	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
35	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	cop	_	_
36	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
37	lengthening	lengthen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	40	nsubj	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	prosperity	prosperity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	40	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	40	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | infinitive | king | my counsel |  |  |  | wherefore *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent counsel=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | unto thee; acceptable *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **break off** | infinitive |  | thy sins |  |  |  | by almsgiving; thine iniquities *obl* | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sin=Patient |
| 4 | **show** | gerund |  | mercy | the poor |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent mercy=Topic to poor=Recipient |
| 5 | **lengthen** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of thy prosperity | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings DAN.4.24, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lengthening:x2:2
# text = (Writings DAN.4.24, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	DAN.4.24	DAN.4.24	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The days are lengthening as spring comes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lengthening:x3:1
# text = The days are lengthening as spring comes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	lengthening	lengthen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lengthen** | present · progressive | the days |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **come** | present | spring |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum is lengthening my school skirt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lengthening:x4:1
# text = Mum is lengthening my school skirt.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	lengthening	lengthen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	skirt	skirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lengthen** | present · progressive | Mum | my school skirt |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent skirt=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shadows were lengthening as the sun went down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lengthening:x5:1
# text = The shadows were lengthening as the sun went down.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	lengthening	lengthen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
9	down	down	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lengthen** | past · progressive | the shadows |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **go down** | past | the sun |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The council is lengthening the cycle path.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lengthening:x6:1
# text = The council is lengthening the cycle path.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	lengthening	lengthen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lengthen** | present · progressive | the council | the cycle path |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent path=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lengthening each side of a square makes its area bigger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lengthening:x7:1
# text = Lengthening each side of a square makes its area bigger.
1	Lengthening	lengthen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lengthen** | gerund |  | each side of a square |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent side=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | present | Lengthening | square's area |  |  |  | big *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset area=Product |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The queue kept lengthening.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lengthening:x8:1
# text = The queue kept lengthening.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	queue	queue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	lengthening	lengthen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | the queue |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lengthen** | gerund | the queue *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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