---
title: lent — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lent» in the Judaism dictionary: Past of «lend»: gave something to someone for a short time, expecting to get it back (I lent him my pen). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lent

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, many Christians, Thou, this, creditor, one · **What happens:** lend, give, expect, get back, pray, give up · **To what, where:** something, someone, it, pen, him, interest

<!-- .vabout -->
«lent» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lent in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/lent.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Past of «lend»: gave something to someone for a short time, expecting to get it back (I lent him my pen).

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:m1:1
# text = Past of «lend»: gave something to someone for a short time, expecting to get it back (I lent him my pen).
1	Past	past	ADP	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	lend	lend	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obl	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	expecting	expect	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	back	back	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
21	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	lent	lend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lend** *in a quote* | imperative |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **give** | past |  | something | someone |  | time |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent something=Theme to someone=Recipient |
| 3 | **expect** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 4 | **get back** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 5 | **lend** | past | I | my pen | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient pen=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lent: in the Christian calendar, the forty days before Easter, when many Christians pray and give something up, like sweets.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:m2:1
# text = Lent: in the Christian calendar, the forty days before Easter, when many Christians pray and give something up, like sweets.
1	Lent	lend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	calendar	calendar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	forty	forty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	appos	_	_
11	before	before	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Easter	Easter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
20	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	19	obj	_	_
21	up	up	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	like	like	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lend** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **pray** | present | many Christians |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **give up** | present | many Christians *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Source |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou shalt not lend upon interest to thy brother: interest of money, interest of victuals, interest of any thing that is lent upon interest. (Torah DEU.23.19, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thou shalt not lend upon interest to thy brother: interest of money, interest of victuals, interest of any thing that is lent upon interest.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x1:1
# text = Thou shalt not lend upon interest to thy brother: interest of money, interest of victuals, interest of any thing that is lent upon interest.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
2	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	lend	lend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	victuals	victual	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	22	det	_	_
22	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	lent	lend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl:relcl	_	_
26	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **lend** | shall | Thou | interest of money and interest of victuals and interest of any thing | thy brother |  |  | upon interest | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to brother=Recipient |
| 2 | **lend** | present · passive |  | any thing |  |  |  | upon interest | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **interest** |  |  | money |  |  |  |  | nom interest «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 4 | **interest** |  |  | victuals |  |  |  |  | nom interest «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **interest** |  |  | any thing |  |  |  |  | nom interest «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.23.19, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x1:2
# text = (Torah DEU.23.19, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.23.19	DEU.23.19	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And this is the manner of the release: every creditor shall release that which he hath lent unto his neighbour; he shall not exact it of his neighbour and his brother; because the LORD'S release hath been proclaimed. (Torah DEU.15.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And this is the manner of the release: every creditor shall release that which he hath lent unto his neighbour; he shall not exact it of his neighbour and his brother; because the LORD'S release hath been proclaimed.

<!-- fold The tree, 39 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x2:1
# text = And this is the manner of the release: every creditor shall release that which he hath lent unto his neighbour; he shall not exact it of his neighbour and his brother; because the LORD'S release hath been proclaimed.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	release	release	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	creditor	creditor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	release	release	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	lent	lend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	advcl	_	_
19	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
24	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
26	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	42	punct	_	_
35	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	42	mark	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	'S	's	PART	POS	_	37	case	_	_
39	release	release	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nsubj:pass	_	_
40	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
41	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	42	aux:pass	_	_
42	proclaimed	proclaim	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this | the manner |  |  |  | of the release | tree rules |
| 2 | **release** | shall | every creditor |  |  |  |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer |
| 3 | **lend** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | unto creditor's neighbour | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **proclaim** | present · perfect · passive |  | the LORD's release |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.15.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x2:2
# text = (Torah DEU.15.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.15.2	DEU.15.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And I likewise, my brethren and my servants, have lent them money and corn. (Writings NEH.5.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And I likewise, my brethren and my servants, have lent them money and corn.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x3:1
# text = And I likewise, my brethren and my servants, have lent them money and corn.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
3	likewise	likewise	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	brethren	brethren	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	lent	lend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	corn	corn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lend** | present · perfect · passive |  | I |  |  |  | likewise *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings NEH.5.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x3:2
# text = (Writings NEH.5.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	NEH.5.10	NEH.5.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have not lent, neither have men lent to me; yet every one of them doth curse me. (Prophets JER.15.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I have not lent, neither have men lent to me; yet every one of them doth curse me.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x4:1
# text = I have not lent, neither have men lent to me; yet every one of them doth curse me.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	lent	lend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	7	cc:preconj	_	_
7	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	lent	lend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	acl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
15	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nmod	_	_
18	doth	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
19	curse	curse	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
20	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **lend** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | present | I *not said here* | men |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient |
| 3 | **lend** | participle |  | men *not said here* | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to i=Recipient |
| 4 | **do** | present | every one of men |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **curse** | present | every one of men *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.15.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x4:2
# text = (Prophets JER.15.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.15.10	JER.15.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
therefore I also have lent him to the LORD; as long as he liveth he is lent to the LORD.' And he worshipped the LORD there. (Prophets 1SA.1.28, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* therefore I also have lent him to the LORD; as long as he liveth he is lent to the LORD.'

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x5:1
# text = therefore I also have lent him to the LORD; as long as he liveth he is lent to the LORD.'
1	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	lent	lend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	as	as	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
13	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	liveth	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	lent	lend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	xcomp	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lend** | present · perfect | I | him *= he* | the LORD |  |  | long, therefore *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Theme to lord=Recipient |
| 2 | **live** | present | he |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **lend** | present · passive |  | he | the LORD |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to lord=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* And he worshipped the LORD there.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x5:2
# text = And he worshipped the LORD there.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	worshipped	worshipp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **worshipp** | past | he | the LORD |  | there |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Prophets 1SA.1.28, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x5:3
# text = (Prophets 1SA.1.28, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1SA.1.28	1SA.1.28	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I lent my rubber to Jack and he never gave it back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x6:1
# text = I lent my rubber to Jack and he never gave it back.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lent	lend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	rubber	rubber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	back	back	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lend** | past | I | my rubber | Jack |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent rubber=Theme to jack=Recipient |
| 2 | **not** **give back** | past | Jack | rubber |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The library lent us ten books for the project.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x7:1
# text = The library lent us ten books for the project.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lent	lend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lend** | past | the library | ten books | us |  |  | for the project | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient book=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She lent a hand with the washing up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x8:1
# text = She lent a hand with the washing up.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lent	lend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	washing	washing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lend up** | past | She | a hand |  |  |  | with the washing | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For Lent, my cousin gave up chocolate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x9:1
# text = For Lent, my cousin gave up chocolate.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Lent	Lent	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give up** | past | my cousin | chocolate |  |  |  | for Lent | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chocolate=Source |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lent lasts forty days, until Easter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x10:1
# text = Lent lasts forty days, until Easter.
1	Lent	Lent	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	forty	forty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	until	until	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Easter	Easter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | present | Lent |  |  |  | until Easter; day |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We eat pancakes the day before Lent begins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x11:1
# text = We eat pancakes the day before Lent begins.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	pancakes	pancake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	Lent	Lent	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	begins	begin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | We | pancakes |  |  | day |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pancake=Patient |
| 2 | **begin** | present | Lent |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who lent you that bike?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x12:1
# text = Who lent you that bike?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lent	lend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lend** | past |  | that bike | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient bike=Theme |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thereupon the rich man lent him twenty roubles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lent:x13:1
# text = Thereupon the rich man lent him twenty roubles.
1	Thereupon	thereupon	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	lent	lend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	roubles	rouble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lend** | past | the rich man | twenty roubles | him *= he* |  |  | thereupon *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient rouble=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [lengthening](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/L/lengthening/)
- next →: [lentil](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/L/lentil/)
- ↑ back to [L in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/L/)