---
title: less — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «less» in the Judaism dictionary: Less means a smaller amount: less sugar. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# less

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Less, maths, Nothing, children, rich, poor · **What happens:** mean, not mean, compare, be, talk, name · **To what, where:** smaller amount, two amounts, minus, ten eight, smallest amount, thing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«less» in the Judaism dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 15 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [less in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/less.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Less means a smaller amount: less sugar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:m1:1
# text = Less means a smaller amount: less sugar.
1	Less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Less | a smaller amount  less sugar |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amount=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Less means not so much: less noisy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:m2:1
# text = Less means not so much: less noisy.
1	Less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	much	much	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
8	noisy	noisy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | less *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Less than» compares two amounts: 5 is less than 8 (5 \< 8).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:m3:1
# text = «Less than» compares two amounts: 5 is less than 8 (5 < 8).
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	nsubj	_	_
3	than	than	ADP	IN	_	2	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	compares	compare	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	parataxis	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	conj	_	_
12	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	appos	_	_
16	<	<	SYM	SYM	_	17	punct	_	_
17	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compare** | present | Less | two amounts |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amount=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | Less *not said here* |  |  |  |  | less *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In maths talk, «less» can mean minus: ten less two is eight.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:m4:1
# text = In maths talk, «less» can mean minus: ten less two is eight.
1	In	in	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	talk	talk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	minus	minu	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	compound	_	_
13	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	14	amod	_	_
14	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	conj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | present | maths |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | can | less | minus |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent minu=Topic |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | ten eight |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Least means the smallest amount of all.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:m5:1
# text = Least means the smallest amount of all.
1	Least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	smallest	small	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  | the smallest amount of all |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amount=Topic |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Nothing less than» means only the very thing named, and nothing smaller.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:m6:1
# text = «Nothing less than» means only the very thing named, and nothing smaller.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	6	nsubj	_	_
3	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	3	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
11	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	6	parataxis	_	_
15	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Nothing | the thing |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic |
| 2 | **name** | participle |  | the thing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the children of Israel did so, and gathered some more, some less. (Torah EXO.16.17, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the children of Israel did so, and gathered some more, some less.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x1:1
# text = And the children of Israel did so, and gathered some more, some less.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	15	det	_	_
15	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | the children of Israel |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **gather** | past | the children of Israel *not said here* | some more |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.16.17, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x1:2
# text = (Torah EXO.16.17, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.16.17	EXO.16.17	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less, than the half shekel, when they give the offering of the LORD, to make atonement for your souls. (Torah EXO.30.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less, than the half shekel, when they give the offering of the LORD, to make atonement for your souls.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x2:1
# text = The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less, than the half shekel, when they give the offering of the LORD, to make atonement for your souls.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	nsubj	_	_
11	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
14	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	than	than	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	19	compound	_	_
19	shekel	shekel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	23	advmod	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	advcl	_	_
32	atonement	atonement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
33	for	for	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	souls	soul	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **give** | shall | the rich | more |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **give** | shall | the poor | the half shekel |  |  |  | less *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shekel=Theme |
| 3 | **give** | present | they | the offering of the LORD |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offering=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive | they *not said here* | atonement |  |  |  | for your souls | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent atonement=Product for soul=Asset |
| 5 | **offer** |  |  | the LORD |  |  |  |  | nom offering «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.30.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x2:2
# text = (Torah EXO.30.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.30.15	EXO.30.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To the more thou shalt give the more inheritance, and to the fewer thou shalt give the less inheritance; to each one according to those that were numbered of it shall its inheritance be given. (Torah NUM.26.54, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* To the more thou shalt give the more inheritance, and to the fewer thou shalt give the less inheritance; to each one according to those that were numbered of it shall its inheritance be given.

<!-- fold The tree, 35 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x3:1
# text = To the more thou shalt give the more inheritance, and to the fewer thou shalt give the less inheritance; to each one according to those that were numbered of it shall its inheritance be given.
1	To	to	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
4	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nsubj	_	_
5	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	inheritance	inheritance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	obj	_	_
15	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nsubj	_	_
16	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	parataxis	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	20	amod	_	_
20	inheritance	inheritance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	24	det	_	_
24	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
25	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	case	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	fixed	_	_
27	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	24	nmod	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux:pass	_	_
30	numbered	number	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	acl:relcl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obl	_	_
33	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
34	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	inheritance	inheritance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj:pass	_	_
36	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	aux:pass	_	_
37	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	advcl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | shall | thou | the more inheritance |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent inheritance=Recipient few=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | shall | thou | the less inheritance | each one accord those |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent inheritance=Theme to one=Recipient |
| 3 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **number** | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  | of inheritance | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **give** | shall · passive |  | inheritance's inheritance |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 6 | **inherit** |  | inheritance |  |  |  |  |  | nom inheritance «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.26.54, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x3:2
# text = (Torah NUM.26.54, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.26.54	NUM.26.54	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Know therefore that God exacteth of thee less than thine iniquity deserveth. (Writings JOB.11.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Know therefore that God exacteth of thee less than thine iniquity deserveth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x4:1
# text = Know therefore that God exacteth of thee less than thine iniquity deserveth.
1	Know	know	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	exacteth	exact	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	obl	_	_
8	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
9	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	deserveth	deserve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | therefore *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **exact** | present | God |  |  |  |  | of thee; less *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **deserve** | present | thine iniquity |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.11.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x4:2
# text = (Writings JOB.11.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.11.6	JOB.11.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Overbearing speech becometh not a churl; much less do lying lips a prince. (Writings PRO.17.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Overbearing speech becometh not a churl; much less do lying lips a prince.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x5:1
# text = Overbearing speech becometh not a churl; much less do lying lips a prince.
1	Overbearing	overbearing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	becometh	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	churl	churl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	much	much	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	10	advmod	_	_
10	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **become** | present | Overbearing speech | a churl |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Patient churl=Result |
| 2 | **do** | present | Overbearing speech *not said here* | lying lips |  |  |  | a prince *obl:unmarked*; less *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lip=Eventuality |
| 3 | **lie** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.17.7, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x5:2
# text = (Writings PRO.17.7, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.17.7	PRO.17.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How much less shall I answer Him, and choose out my arguments with Him? (Writings JOB.9.14, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* How much less shall I answer Him, and choose out my arguments with Him?

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x6:1
# text = How much less shall I answer Him, and choose out my arguments with Him?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obj	_	_
3	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
4	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	answer	answer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	choose	choose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	arguments	argument	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | shall | I | much | Him *= he* |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent much=Theme he=Eventuality |
| 2 | **choose out** | infinitive | I *not said here* | my arguments |  |  |  | with Him *= he* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent argument=Theme |
| 3 | **argue** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom argument «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.9.14, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x6:2
# text = (Writings JOB.9.14, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.9.14	JOB.9.14	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you give some away to a friend, you have less: subtract.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x7:1
# text = If you give some away to a friend, you have less: subtract.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
14	subtract	subtract	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | some |  |  |  | away *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | you | less |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent less=Patient |
| 3 | **subtract** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pen costs 3 pounds less than a book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x8:1
# text = A pen costs 3 pounds less than a book.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pounds	pound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | a pen | 3 pounds |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme pound=Value |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kim has less juice than Tom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x9:1
# text = Kim has less juice than Tom.
1	Kim	Kim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Kim | less juice |  |  |  | than Tom | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent juice=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
5 is less than 9.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x10:1
# text = 5 is less than 9.
1	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | than 9; less *property* | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
12 less 4 is 8.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x11:1
# text = 12 less 4 is 8.
1	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	compound	_	_
2	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	nmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | 12 8 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please make less noise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x12:1
# text = Please make less noise.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | imperative | you *not said here* | less noise |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eat less sugar and more fruit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x13:1
# text = Eat less sugar and more fruit.
1	Eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | imperative | you *not said here* | less sugar and more fruit |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sugar=Patient |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who has the least money?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x14:1
# text = Who has the least money?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present |  | the least money |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Patient |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was accused of nothing less than murder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:less:x15:1
# text = He was accused of nothing less than murder.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	obl	_	_
6	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	murder	murder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | past · passive |  | He |  |  |  | of nothing | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme of nothing=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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