---
title: liability — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «liability» in the Judaism dictionary: Liability is being legally responsible for something, especially for paying for damage or harm. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# liability

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Liability, Liabilities, person, He, Copyright infringement liability, shop · **What happens:** be, pay, owe, cause, put, accept · **To what, where:** money, person, problems, others, risk, liability

<!-- .vabout -->
«liability» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [liability in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/liability.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Liability is being legally responsible for something, especially for paying for damage or harm.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:liability:m1:1
# text = Liability is being legally responsible for something, especially for paying for damage or harm.
1	Liability	liability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
4	legally	legally	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	responsible	responsible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	paying	pay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Liability |  |  |  |  | for something; legally, responsible *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **pay** | gerund | Liability *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for damage or harm; especially *property* | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for damage=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Liabilities are money a person or company owes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:liability:m2:1
# text = Liabilities are money a person or company owes.
1	Liabilities	liability	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	owes	owe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Liabilities | money |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **owe** | present | a person or company |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A liability is a person or thing that causes problems or puts others at risk.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:liability:m3:1
# text = A liability is a person or thing that causes problems or puts others at risk.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	liability	liability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	puts	put	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
13	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	risk	risk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a liability | a person or thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | present | a person or thing | problems |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition problem=Patient |
| 3 | **put** | present | a person or thing *not said here* | others |  | risk |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent other=Theme at risk=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"He's a liability on the team."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:liability:m3e:1
# text = "He's a liability on the team."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	liability	liability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | He | a liability |  | the team |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:liability:x1:1
# text = Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe.
1	Copyright	copyright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	infringement	infringement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	liability	liability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	severe	severe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | Copyright infringement liability |  |  |  |  | severe *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:liability:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop accepts no liability for lost umbrellas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:liability:x2:1
# text = The shop accepts no liability for lost umbrellas.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	accepts	accept	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	liability	liability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	umbrellas	umbrella	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accept** | present | the shop | no liability |  |  |  | for lost umbrellas | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent liability=Theme |
| 2 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The company's liabilities were bigger than its money, so it closed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:liability:x3:1
# text = The company's liabilities were bigger than its money, so it closed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	liabilities	liability	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	closed	close	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the company's liabilities |  |  |  |  | than company's money; big *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **close** | past | money |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The broken ladder is a liability; someone could fall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:liability:x4:1
# text = The broken ladder is a liability; someone could fall.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	ladder	ladder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	liability	liability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	nsubj	_	_
9	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the broken ladder | a liability |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fall** | could | someone | a liability *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient liability=Result |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With his bad ankle, he was a liability in the match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:liability:x5:1
# text = With his bad ankle, he was a liability in the match.
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	ankle	ankle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	liability	liability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | he | a liability |  | the match |  | with his bad ankle | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The driver admitted liability for the crash.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:liability:x6:1
# text = The driver admitted liability for the crash.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	admitted	admit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	liability	liability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **admit** *speech: other* | past | the driver | liability |  |  |  | for the crash | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent liability=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Debts are liabilities.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:liability:x7:1
# text = Debts are liabilities.
1	Debts	debt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	liabilities	liability	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Debts | liabilities |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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