---
title: lighter — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lighter» in the Judaism dictionary: A small device that makes a flame, used to light candles, cigarettes, stoves or fires. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lighter

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** small device, feather, light blue, light, Lighter, Men · **What happens:** make, use, be, mean, lay, put · **To what, where:** flame, lie, Men, balances, yoke, thou · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lighter» in the Judaism dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lighter in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/lighter.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small device that makes a flame, used to light candles, cigarettes, stoves or fires.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:m1:1
# text = A small device that makes a flame, used to light candles, cigarettes, stoves or fires.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	device	device	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	candles	candle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	cigarettes	cigarette	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	stoves	stove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	fires	fire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | a small device | a flame |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset flame=Product |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a flame *not said here* |  |  |  | to light candles and cigarettes and stoves or fires | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Less heavy: «A feather is lighter than a stone».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:m2:1
# text = Less heavy: «A feather is lighter than a stone».
1	Less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
2	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	feather	feather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	parataxis	_	_
9	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | a feather |  |  |  |  | than a stone; light *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Paler or less dark in colour: «light blue is lighter than navy».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:m3:1
# text = Paler or less dark in colour: «light blue is lighter than navy».
1	Paler	pale	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	conj	_	_
4	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	blue	blue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	parataxis	_	_
13	than	than	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	navy	navy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | light blue |  |  |  |  | than navy; light *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brighter, with more light: «It's lighter in the mornings now».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:m4:1
# text = Brighter, with more light: «It's lighter in the mornings now».
1	Brighter	bright	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	parataxis	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	mornings	morning	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | light |  |  |  | now; morning | light *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Less serious or less strong: «a lighter meal».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:m5:1
# text = Less serious or less strong: «a lighter meal».
1	Less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
2	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
10	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lighter can also mean less worried and happier in your heart.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:m6:1
# text = Lighter can also mean less worried and happier in your heart.
1	Lighter	lighter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
6	worried	worried	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	happier	happy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	conj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Lighter |  |  |  |  | worried *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Men of low degree are vanity, and men of high degree are a lie; if they be laid in the balances, they are together lighter than vanity. (Writings PSA.62.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Men of low degree are vanity, and men of high degree are a lie; if they be laid in the balances, they are together lighter than vanity.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:x1:1
# text = Men of low degree are vanity, and men of high degree are a lie; if they be laid in the balances, they are together lighter than vanity.
1	Men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	degree	degree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	vanity	vanity	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
9	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	degree	degree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	lie	lie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	balances	balance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
26	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
27	together	together	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	conj	_	_
29	than	than	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	vanity	vanity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Men of low degree |  |  |  |  | vanity *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | men of high degree | a lie |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **lay** *a condition, not said to happen* | infinitive · passive |  | Men *= man* |  | the balances |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in balance=Destination |
| 4 | **is** | present | Men *= man* |  |  |  |  | than vanity; light, together *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.62.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:x1:2
# text = (Writings PSA.62.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.62.10	PSA.62.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
'Thy father made our yoke grievous; now therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee.' (Prophets 1KI.12.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* 'Thy father made our yoke grievous; now therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee.'

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:x2:1
# text = 'Thy father made our yoke grievous; now therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee.'
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	yoke	yoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
10	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
12	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	obj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	yoke	yoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
24	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj:outer	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	acl:relcl	_	_
27	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
33	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
34	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
35	serve	serve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
36	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Thy father | our yoke |  |  |  | grievous *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yoke=Product |
| 2 | **make** | present |  | thou |  |  | now | therefore *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset thou=Beneficiary service=Product |
| 3 | **put** | past | father's heavy yoke |  |  |  |  | upon us | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent upon we=Destination |
| 4 | **serve** | future | we | thee |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Attribute |
| 5 | **service** |  |  | thy father |  |  |  |  | nom service «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 1KI.12.4, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:x2:2
# text = (Prophets 1KI.12.4, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1KI.12.4	1KI.12.4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he said unto them: 'What counsel give ye, that we may return answer to this people, who have spoken to me, saying: Make the yoke that thy father did put upon us lighter?' (Prophets 1KI.12.9, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he said unto them: 'What counsel give ye, that we may return answer to this people, who have spoken to me, saying: Make the yoke that thy father did put upon us lighter?'

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:x3:1
# text = And he said unto them: 'What counsel give ye, that we may return answer to this people, who have spoken to me, saying: Make the yoke that thy father did put upon us lighter?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	What	what	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	9	det	_	_
9	counsel	counsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
11	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
17	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
23	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	acl:relcl	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
30	Make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	yoke	yoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	37	obj	_	_
34	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
36	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	acl:relcl	_	_
38	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	37	obl	_	_
40	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	37	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	30	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  |  |  | unto them *= they* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **give** | present | what counsel |  | ye |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ye=Theme |
| 3 | **return** | may | we | answer | this people |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent answer=Theme to people=Destination |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · perfect | this people |  | me |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to i=Co-Agent |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **make** | infinitive |  | the yoke |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset yoke=Product |
| 7 | **put** | past · do-support | thy father | the yoke |  |  |  | upon us; light *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme upon we=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 1KI.12.9, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:x3:2
# text = (Prophets 1KI.12.9, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1KI.12.9	1KI.12.9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A feather is lighter than a brick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:x4:1
# text = A feather is lighter than a brick.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	feather	feather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	brick	brick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a feather |  |  |  |  | than a brick; light *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The side of the scale that goes up is lighter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:x5:1
# text = The side of the scale that goes up is lighter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	scale	scale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | present | the scale |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **is** | present | the side of the scale |  |  |  |  | light *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Add white paint to make the blue lighter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:x6:1
# text = Add white paint to make the blue lighter.
1	Add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	lighter	lighter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | white paint |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paint=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the blue lighter |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset lighter=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It gets lighter earlier in spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:x7:1
# text = It gets lighter earlier in spring.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
4	earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | It |  |  |  | spring | early, light *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never play with a lighter; give it to an adult.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:x8:1
# text = Never play with a lighter; give it to an adult.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	play	play	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lighter	lighter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **play** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with a lighter | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with lighter=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | infinitive | you *not said here* | lighter | a adult |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to adult=Recipient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad used a lighter to light the barbecue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:x9:1
# text = Dad used a lighter to light the barbecue.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	light	light	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	barbecue	barbecue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Dad |  |  |  |  | light *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **light** | to-infinitive | Dad *not said here* | the barbecue |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barbecue=Product |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My school bag is lighter today because I have no books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:x10:1
# text = My school bag is lighter today because I have no books.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
11	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My school bag |  |  |  | today | light *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | I | no books |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Patient |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had a lighter lunch because it was hot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:x11:1
# text = We had a lighter lunch because it was hot.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We | a lighter lunch |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunch=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | lunch |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when she had offered this prayer, her heart felt lighter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lighter:x12:1
# text = And when she had offered this prayer, her heart felt lighter.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	offered	offer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | past · perfect · passive |  | she |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: subject=Goal prayer=Theme |
| 2 | **feel** | past | her heart |  |  |  |  | light *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [lighten](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/L/lighten/)
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- ↑ back to [L in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/L/)