---
title: lightness — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lightness» in the Judaism dictionary: Lightness is being not heavy. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lightness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lightness, way, it, she, bike, ballet dancer · **What happens:** not be, be, move, come, pass, pollute · **To what, where:** colour, gentle cheerful easy feeling, lightness, land, adultery, bike

<!-- .vabout -->
«lightness» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lightness in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/lightness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lightness is being not heavy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lightness:m1:1
# text = Lightness is being not heavy.
1	Lightness	lightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | Lightness |  |  |  |  | heavy *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lightness is being bright or pale in colour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lightness:m2:1
# text = Lightness is being bright or pale in colour.
1	Lightness	lightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Lightness |  |  |  |  | bright *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Lightness *not said here* |  |  | colour |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lightness is a gentle, cheerful, easy feeling or way of moving: lightness of heart, lightness of step.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lightness:m3:1
# text = Lightness is a gentle, cheerful, easy feeling or way of moving: lightness of heart, lightness of step.
1	Lightness	lightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
4	gentle	gentle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	cheerful	cheerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
15	lightness	lightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	lightness	lightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lightness | a gentle cheerful easy feeling or way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **move** | gerund | way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and it came to pass through the lightness of her harlotry, that the land was polluted, and she committed adultery with stones and with stocks; (Prophets JER.3.9, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lightness:x1:1
# text = and it came to pass through the lightness of her harlotry, that the land was polluted, and she committed adultery with stones and with stocks; (Prophets JER.3.9, JPS 1917)
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lightness	lightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	harlotry	harlotry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	polluted	pollute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	committed	commit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	adultery	adultery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	stocks	stock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
29	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	parataxis	_	_
31	JER.3.9	JER.3.9	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	flat	_	_
34	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	31	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	30	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | it |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the lightness of her harlotry |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through lightness=Location |
| 3 | **pollute** | past · passive |  | the land |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **commit** | past | she | adultery |  |  |  | with stones and stocks | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent adultery=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lightness of the bike makes it easy to carry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lightness:x2:1
# text = The lightness of the bike makes it easy to carry.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lightness	lightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the lightness of the bike | bike |  |  |  | easy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 2 | **carry** | to-infinitive | bike *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ballet dancer moved with great lightness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lightness:x3:1
# text = The ballet dancer moved with great lightness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ballet	ballet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	dancer	dancer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lightness	lightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | the ballet dancer |  |  |  |  | with great lightness | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Feel the lightness of this feather.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lightness:x4:1
# text = Feel the lightness of this feather.
1	Feel	feel	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	lightness	lightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	feather	feather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | imperative | you *not said here* | the lightness of this feather |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lightness=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Add white to increase the lightness of the colour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lightness:x5:1
# text = Add white to increase the lightness of the colour.
1	Add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	increase	increase	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lightness	lightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | white *property* | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **increase** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the lightness of the colour |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer lightness=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a lightness in her voice after the good news.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lightness:x6:1
# text = There was a lightness in her voice after the good news.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lightness	lightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a lightness in lightness's voice after the good news |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cake had a wonderful lightness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lightness:x7:1
# text = The cake had a wonderful lightness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	wonderful	wonderful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lightness	lightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the cake | a wonderful lightness |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lightness=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His dancing was very clever indeed, and the animals were all highly pleased with his grace and lightness.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:lightness:x8:1
# text = His dancing was very clever indeed, and the animals were all highly pleased with his grace and lightness.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dancing	dancing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	all	all	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	highly	highly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	pleased	pleased	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	grace	grace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	lightness	lightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | His dancing |  |  |  |  | clever, indeed *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the animals |  |  |  |  | with his grace and lightness; all, highly, pleased *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **dance** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom dancing «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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