---
title: linear — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «linear» in the Judaism dictionary: Made of lines, or in the form of straight lines rather than pictures. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# linear

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Similar cliaracters, linear characters · **What happens:** make, form, show, accord, be, find · **To what, where:** form, straight lines, Evans, linear letters, Egyptian pottery

<!-- .vabout -->
«linear» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [linear in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/linear.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made of lines, or in the form of straight lines rather than pictures.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linear:m1:1
# text = Made of lines, or in the form of straight lines rather than pictures.
1	Made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	14	cc	_	_
13	than	than	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  | the form of straight lines rather pictures |  | of lines | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **form** |  |  | straight lines rather pictures |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Evans and Professor Minders Petrie have shown that certain linear characters which (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linear:x1:1
# text = Evans and Professor Minders Petrie have shown that certain linear characters which (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	Evans	evan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	Professor	professor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Minders	minder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
5	Petrie	Petrie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	linear	linear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	xcomp	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
22	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	case	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	fixed	_	_
24	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
25	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	flat	_	_
26	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present · perfect · passive |  | Evans  Petrie and Professor Minders |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Similar to these cliaracters are the linear letters, which iiave been found on the Egyptian pottery. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Similar to these cliaracters are the linear letters, which iiave been found on the Egyptian pottery.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linear:x2:1
# text = Similar to these cliaracters are the linear letters, which iiave been found on the Egyptian pottery.
1	Similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	cliaracters	cliaracter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	linear	linear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	iiave	iiave	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	Egyptian	Egyptian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	pottery	pottery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this Similar cliaracters | the linear letters |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | past · passive |  | the linear letters |  | the Egyptian pottery |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linear:x2:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The linear characters in Egypt are earlier than the hieroglyphics, though a few of the forms may ultimately have been fused with the latter. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The linear characters in Egypt are earlier than the hieroglyphics, though a few of the forms may ultimately have been fused with the latter.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linear:x3:1
# text = The linear characters in Egypt are earlier than the hieroglyphics, though a few of the forms may ultimately have been fused with the latter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	linear	linear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	10	advmod	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hieroglyphics	hieroglyphic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	parataxis	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
18	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
19	ultimately	ultimately	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
20	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	aux	_	_
21	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	fused	fuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the linear characters in Egypt |  |  |  |  | than the hieroglyphics; early *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fuse** | may · perfect · passive | the linear characters in Egypt *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of the forms; with the latter; ultimately *property* | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: with latter=Co-Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linear:x3:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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