---
title: linger — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «linger» in the Judaism dictionary: To linger is to stay somewhere longer than usual or than needed, because you do not want to leave. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# linger

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, smell, illness, we, he, men · **What happens:** linger, be, need, not want, leave, feel · **To what, where:** smell, something, we, hand, quarries, beach

<!-- .vabout -->
«linger» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [linger in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/linger.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To linger is to stay somewhere longer than usual or than needed, because you do not want to leave.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linger:m1:1
# text = To linger is to stay somewhere longer than usual or than needed, because you do not want to leave.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	linger	linger	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	somewhere	somewhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	7	advmod	_	_
7	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
16	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	want	want	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **linger** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | stay *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **need** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **not** **want** | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 5 | **leave** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To linger is when a smell, feeling or illness stays for a long time.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linger:m2:1
# text = To linger is when a smell, feeling or illness stays for a long time.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	linger	linger	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	stays	stay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **linger** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | a smell |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **feel** | gerund | a smell *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **stay** | present | illness |  |  |  | time |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To linger over something is to take your time with it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linger:m3:1
# text = To linger over something is to take your time with it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	linger	linger	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **linger** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | something |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over something=Location |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  | time | with it; take *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For except we had lingered, surely we had now returned a second time.' (Torah GEN.43.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For except we had lingered, surely we had now returned a second time.'

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linger:x1:1
# text = For except we had lingered, surely we had now returned a second time.'
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	except	except	ADP	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	lingered	linger	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
11	returned	return	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	14	amod	_	_
14	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **linger** | past · perfect · passive |  | we |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **return** | past · perfect | we |  |  |  | now; time | surely *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.43.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linger:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.43.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.43.10	GEN.43.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But he lingered; and the men laid hold upon his hand, and upon the hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters; the LORD being merciful unto him. (Torah GEN.19.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* But he lingered; and the men laid hold upon his hand, and upon the hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters; the LORD being merciful unto him.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linger:x2:1
# text = But he lingered; and the men laid hold upon his hand, and upon the hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters; the LORD being merciful unto him.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lingered	linger	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
10	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
28	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	nummod	_	_
29	daughters	daughter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
33	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	34	cop	_	_
34	merciful	merciful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
35	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **linger** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | past | the men |  |  | his hand |  | upon the hand of his wife; upon the hand of his two daughters | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon hand=Location |
| 3 | **is** | gerund | the LORD |  |  |  |  | unto him *= he*; merciful *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.19.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linger:x2:2
# text = (Torah GEN.19.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.19.16	GEN.19.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Ehud escaped while they lingered, having passed beyond the quarries, and escaped unto Seirah. (Prophets JDG.3.26, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Ehud escaped while they lingered, having passed beyond the quarries, and escaped unto Seirah.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linger:x3:1
# text = And Ehud escaped while they lingered, having passed beyond the quarries, and escaped unto Seirah.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Ehud	Ehud	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	escaped	escape	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	lingered	linger	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	aux	_	_
9	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
10	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	quarries	quarry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	escaped	escape	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Seirah	Seirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **escape** | past | Ehud |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **linger** | past | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **pass** | gerund · perfect |  |  |  | the quarries |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme beyond quarry=Location |
| 4 | **escape** | past | Ehud *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto Seirah | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JDG.3.26, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linger:x3:2
# text = (Prophets JDG.3.26, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JDG.3.26	JDG.3.26	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We lingered on the beach until sunset.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linger:x4:1
# text = We lingered on the beach until sunset.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lingered	linger	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	until	until	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **linger** | past | We |  |  | the beach | sunset |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on beach=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The smell of smoke lingered for days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linger:x5:1
# text = The smell of smoke lingered for days.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	lingered	linger	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **linger** | participle |  | the smell of smoke *not said here* |  |  | day |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **smell** |  | smoke |  |  |  |  |  | nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't linger in the corridor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linger:x6:1
# text = Don't linger in the corridor.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	linger	linger	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	corridor	corridor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **linger** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | the corridor |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in corridor=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cough can linger after a cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linger:x7:1
# text = A cough can linger after a cold.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cough	cough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	linger	linger	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **linger** | can | a cough |  |  |  | after a cold |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He lingered over his breakfast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linger:x8:1
# text = He lingered over his breakfast.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lingered	linger	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	breakfast	breakfast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **linger** | past | He |  |  | his breakfast |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over breakfast=Location |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The happy memory lingered in her mind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linger:x9:1
# text = The happy memory lingered in her mind.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	lingered	linger	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **linger** | participle |  | the happy memory *not said here* |  | her mind |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mind=Location |
| 2 | **mind** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oh, sir, do not linger here, or he will eat you too.’

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:linger:x10:1
# text = Oh, sir, do not linger here, or he will eat you too.’
1	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	sir	sir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
5	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	linger	linger	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	too	too	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **linger** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | here |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **eat** | future | he | you |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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