---
title: literally — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «literally» in the Judaism dictionary: Literally means exactly as the words say, not as a figure of speech. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# literally

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** words, people, something, talk, translation, word sefirot · **What happens:** mean, say, figure, make, sound, not be · **To what, where:** speech, everyday talk, something, word, plural action noun, countings · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«literally» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [literally in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/literally.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Literally means exactly as the words say, not as a figure of speech.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:literally:m1:1
# text = Literally means exactly as the words say, not as a figure of speech.
1	Literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	figure	figure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	ccomp	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | literally *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the words |  |  |  |  | exactly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **figure** |  |  | speech |  |  |  |  | nom figure «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In everyday talk, people often say "literally" just to make something sound stronger, even when it is not really true.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:literally:m2:1
# text = In everyday talk, people often say "literally" just to make something sound stronger, even when it is not really true.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	everyday	everyday	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	often	often	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	just	just	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
14	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	obj	_	_
15	sound	sound	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
18	even	even	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
19	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	24	advmod	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
23	really	really	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | people |  |  | everyday talk |  | often *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | literally *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **sound** | infinitive | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **not** **is** | present | talk |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Literally can mean word for word, as in a translation that follows each word.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:literally:m3:1
# text = Literally can mean word for word, as in a translation that follows each word.
1	Literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	follows	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
15	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can |  | word |  |  |  | for word; literally *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot word=Theme for word=Attribute |
| 2 | **follow** | present | a translation | each word |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word sefirot by itself is the plural action noun of סָפַר safar 'to count', thus meaning literally 'countings'. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The word sefirot by itself is the plural action noun of סָפַר safar 'to count', thus meaning literally 'countings'.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:literally:x1:1
# text = The word sefirot by itself is the plural action noun of סָפַר safar 'to count', thus meaning literally 'countings'.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sefirot	sefirot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	3	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	plural	plural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	סָפַר	סָפַר	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	_
13	safar	safar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
14	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	count	count	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	',	',	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
20	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	countings	counting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the word sefirot by sefirot | the plural action noun |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **count** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of safar | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **mean** | gerund |  | countings |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent counting=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:literally:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the other hand, if בְּלִי מָה is to be read as two words, it represents the expression beli mah, literally 'without what'. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* On the other hand, if בְּלִי מָה is to be read as two words, it represents the expression beli mah, literally 'without what'.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:literally:x2:1
# text = On the other hand, if בְּלִי מָה is to be read as two words, it represents the expression beli mah, literally 'without what'.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
7	בְּלִי	בְּלִי	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	מָה	מָה	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	represents	represent	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	expression	expression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	beli	beli	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	20	dep	_	_
22	mah	mah	INTJ	UH	_	20	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
25	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	without	without	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	18	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · passive | מָה *not said here* | בְּלִי מָה |  |  |  | as two words | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus as word=Attribute |
| 2 | **represent** | present | מָה | the expression |  | the other hand |  | literally *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot expression=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:literally:x2:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The appearance of this root in the SY’s introductory paragraph serves as a reminder that although we embark upon a text rich in vivid, grounded symbolism—even anthropomorphism—we should not hasten to take such symbolic language overly literally. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The appearance of this root in the SY’s introductory paragraph serves as a reminder that although we embark upon a text rich in vivid, grounded symbolism—even anthropomorphism—we should not hasten to take such symbolic language overly literally.

<!-- fold The tree, 40 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:literally:x3:1
# text = The appearance of this root in the SY’s introductory paragraph serves as a reminder that although we embark upon a text rich in vivid, grounded symbolism—even anthropomorphism—we should not hasten to take such symbolic language overly literally.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	SY	SY	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	’s	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	introductory	introductory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	paragraph	paragraph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
12	serves	serve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	reminder	reminder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	obj	_	_
17	although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	embark	embark	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
20	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	vivid	vivid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
27	grounded	ground	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	amod	_	_
28	symbolism	symbolism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	even	even	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	anthropomorphism	anthropomorphism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
34	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
35	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	36	advmod	_	_
36	hasten	hasten	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	acl:relcl	_	_
37	to	to	PART	TO	_	38	mark	_	_
38	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	xcomp	_	_
39	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
40	symbolic	symbolic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	_
42	overly	overly	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
43	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | present | the appearance of this root in the SY's introductory paragraph |  |  |  |  | as a reminder | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as reminder=Attribute |
| 2 | **embark** | present | we | a reminder |  |  |  | upon a text | tree rules |
| 3 | **ground** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **hasten** | should | we | anthropomorphism *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **take** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | such symbolic language |  |  |  | literally, overly *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Theme |
| 6 | **paragraph** |  | the SY |  |  |  |  |  | nom paragraph «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:literally:x3:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sign literally said "Do not touch", so we didn't.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:literally:x4:1
# text = The sign literally said "Do not touch", so we didn't.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	touch	touch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the sign |  |  |  |  | literally *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **touch** *in a quote* | infinitive · do-support |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **do** | past | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I'm so hungry I could eat a horse" is not meant literally.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:literally:x5:1
# text = "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse" is not meant literally.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	meant	mean	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
15	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | I |  |  |  |  | hungry *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **eat** *in a quote* | could | I | a horse |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **mean** | present · passive |  | hungry |  |  |  | literally *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little brother took the joke literally.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:literally:x6:1
# text = My little brother took the joke literally.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	joke	joke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | My little brother | the joke |  |  |  | literally *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joke=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word "breakfast" literally means breaking a fast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:literally:x7:1
# text = The word "breakfast" literally means breaking a fast.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	breakfast	breakfast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the word |  |  |  |  | literally *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **break** *not said to happen* | gerund | the word *not said here* | a fast |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fast=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I literally ran all the way to school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:literally:x8:1
# text = I literally ran all the way to school.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | I | all way |  | school |  | literally *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent way=Theme to school=Trajectory |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The French phrase, translated literally, means "the cat's ears".

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:literally:x9:1
# text = The French phrase, translated literally, means "the cat's ears".
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	phrase	phrase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	translated	translate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
6	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **translate** | participle |  | the French phrase *not said here* |  |  |  | literally *property* | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present | the French phrase |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was literally shaking with cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:literally:x10:1
# text = She was literally shaking with cold.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	shaking	shake	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shake** | past · progressive | She |  |  |  |  | with cold; literally *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent with cold=Co-Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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